S-8

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 27, 2018

Registration No. 333-        

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM S-8

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

Arvinas, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   47-2566120

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

5 Science Park

395 Winchester Ave.

New Haven, Connecticut

  06511
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)

Incentive Share Plan

2018 Stock Incentive Plan

2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

(Full title of the plan)

John Houston, Ph.D.

President and Chief Executive Officer

Arvinas, Inc.

5 Science Park

395 Winchester Ave.

New Haven, Connecticut

(Name and address of agent for service)

(203) 535-1456

(Telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer      Accelerated filer  
Non-accelerated filer      Smaller reporting company  
    

Emerging growth company

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☒

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

 

Title of securities

to be registered

 

Amount

to be

registered(1)

 

Proposed

maximum
offering price

per share

 

Proposed

maximum
aggregate

offering price

 

Amount of

registration fee

Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share

  5,656,038(2)   $16.00(3)   $90,496,608(3)   $11,267

 

 

(1)

In accordance with Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement shall be deemed to cover any additional securities that may from time to time be offered or issued to prevent dilution resulting from stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.

(2)

Consists of (i) 1,277,181 shares of restricted stock issued under the Incentive Share Plan, as amended (the “LLC Incentive Plan”), (ii) 4,067,007 shares issuable under the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan, and (iii) 311,850 shares issuable under the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Upon the termination, surrender, cancellation, forfeiture or repurchase of outstanding awards under the LLC Incentive Plan, the unissued balance of shares issuable under such awards will become issuable under the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan up to a maximum of 1,277,181 shares.

(3)

Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rules 457(c) and 457(h) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The price per share and aggregate offering price are calculated based on the initial public offering price set forth on the cover page of the Registrant’s prospectus dated September 26, 2018, relating to its initial public offering of common stock, in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for the 4,067,007 shares issuable under the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan, the 311,850 shares issuable under the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and a maximum of 1,277,181 shares issued under the LLC Incentive Plan that may return to the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan. Pursuant to the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, the purchase price of the shares of common stock reserved for issuance thereunder will be 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the common stock on (i) the first trading day of the applicable offering period and (ii) the exercise date.

 

 

 


PART I

INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE SECTION 10(a) PROSPECTUS

Item 1. Plan Information.

The information required by Item 1 is included in documents sent or given to participants in the plans covered by this registration statement pursuant to Rule 428(b)(1) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

Item 2. Registrant Information and Employee Plan Annual Information.

The written statement required by Item 2 is included in documents sent or given to participants in the plans covered by this registration statement pursuant to Rule 428(b)(1) of the Securities Act.

PART II

INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT

Item 3. Incorporation of Documents by Reference.

The registrant is subject to the informational and reporting requirements of Sections 13(a), 14, and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and in accordance therewith files reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”). The following documents, which are on file with the Commission, are incorporated in this registration statement by reference:

(a) The registrant’s latest annual report filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act or the latest prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act that contains audited financial statements for the registrant’s latest fiscal year for which such statements have been filed.

(b) All other reports filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act since the end of the fiscal year covered by the document referred to in (a) above.

(c) The description of the securities contained in the registrant’s registration statement on Form 8-A filed under the Exchange Act, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.

All documents subsequently filed by the registrant pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act, prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment which indicates that all securities offered hereby have been sold or which deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this registration statement and to be part hereof from the date of the filing of such documents. Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for the purposes of this registration statement to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this registration statement.

Item 4. Description of Securities.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Interests of Named Experts and Counsel.

Not applicable.

Item 6. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

Section 102 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or the DGCL, permits a corporation to eliminate the personal liability of its directors or its stockholders for monetary damages for a breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except where the director breached his or her duty of loyalty, failed to act in good faith, engaged in intentional misconduct or knowingly violated a law, authorized the payment of a dividend or approved a stock repurchase in violation of Delaware corporate law or obtained an improper personal benefit. The registrant’s certificate of incorporation that will be effective upon the closing of its initial public offering of common stock


provides that no director shall be personally liable to the registrant or the registrant’s stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duty as a director, notwithstanding any provision of law imposing such liability, except to the extent that the DGCL prohibits the elimination or limitation of liability of directors for breaches of fiduciary duty.

Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware provides that a corporation has the power to indemnify a director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation and certain other persons serving at the request of the corporation in related capacities against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlements actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with an action, suit or proceeding to which he or she is or is threatened to be made a party by reason of such position, if such person acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, in any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful, except that, in the case of actions brought by or in the right of the corporation, no indemnification shall be made with respect to any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or other adjudicating court determines that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all of the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

The registrant’s restated certificate of incorporation that will be effective upon the closing of its initial public offering provides that the registrant will indemnify each person who was or is a party or threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the registrant) by reason of the fact that he or she is or was, or has agreed to become, a director or officer of the registrant, or is or was serving, or has agreed to serve, at the registrant’s request as a director, officer, partner, employee or trustee of, or in a similar capacity with, another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise (all such persons being referred to as an “Indemnitee”), or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity, against all expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such action, suit or proceeding and any appeal therefrom, if such Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the registrant’s best interests, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, he or she had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. The restated certificate of incorporation that will be effective upon the closing of the registrant’s initial public offering also provides that the registrant will indemnify any Indemnitee who was or is a party to an action or suit by or in the right of the registrant to procure a judgment in the registrant’s favor by reason of the fact that the Indemnitee is or was, or has agreed to become, a director or officer of the registrant, or is or was serving, or has agreed to serve, at the registrant’s request as a director, officer, partner, employee or trustee of, or in a similar capacity with, another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity, against all expenses (including attorneys’ fees) and, to the extent permitted by law, amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, and any appeal therefrom, if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the registrant’s best interests, except that no indemnification shall be made with respect to any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the registrant, unless a court determines that, despite such adjudication but in view of all of the circumstances, he or she is entitled to indemnification of such expenses. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that any Indemnitee has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, he or she will be indemnified by the registrant against all expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or her or on his or her behalf in connection therewith. If the registrant does not assume the defense, expenses must be advanced to an Indemnitee under certain circumstances.

The registrant has entered into indemnification agreements with all of its directors and executive officers. In general, these agreements provide that the registrant will indemnify the director or executive officer to the fullest extent permitted by law for claims arising in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the registrant or in connection with their service at the registrant’s request for another corporation or entity. The indemnification agreements also provide for procedures that will apply in the event that a director or executive officer makes a claim for indemnification and establish certain presumptions that are favorable to the director or executive officer.

The registrant maintains a general liability insurance policy which covers certain liabilities of the directors and officers of the registrant arising out of claims based on acts or omissions in their capacities as directors or officers.


Item 7. Exemption from Registration Claimed.

Not applicable.

Item 8. Exhibits.

 

Number

  

Description

4.1*    Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant
4.2*    Bylaws of the Registrant
4.3    Form of Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-227112) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 30, 2018)
4.4    Form of Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-227112) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 30, 2018)
5.1*    Opinion of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, counsel to the Registrant
23.1*    Consent of Deloitte & Touche, LLP, independent registered public accounting firm
23.2*    Consent of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
24.1*    Power of attorney (included on the signature pages of this registration statement)
99.1    Incentive Share Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-227112) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 30, 2018)
99.2    2018 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Amendment No.  1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-227112) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 14, 2018)
99.3    2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Amendment No.  1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-227112) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 14, 2018)

 

*

Filed herewith

Item 9. Undertakings.

1. The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;

(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement; and

(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;


provided, however, that paragraphs (i) and (ii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement.

(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

2. The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

3. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-8 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New Haven, State of Connecticut, on this 27th day of September, 2018.

 

ARVINAS, INC.
By:  

/s/ John Houston, Ph.D.

  John Houston, Ph.D.
  Chief Executive Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We, the undersigned officers and directors of Arvinas, Inc., hereby severally constitute and appoint John Houston, Sean Cassidy and Matthew Batters, and each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them, and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-8 filed herewith and any and all subsequent amendments to said registration statement, and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and directors to enable Arvinas, Inc. to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

/s/ John Houston, Ph.D.

   President, Chief Executive Officer and Director   September 27, 2018
John Houston, Ph.D.    (principal executive officer)  

/s/ Sean Cassidy

   Chief Financial Officer   September 27, 2018
Sean Cassidy    (principal financial and accounting officer)  

/s/ Timothy Shannon, M.D.

   Chairman of the Board of Directors   September 27, 2018
Timothy Shannon, M.D.     

/s/ Edward Kennedy, Jr.

   Director   September 27, 2018
Edward Kennedy, Jr.     

/s/ Jakob Loven, Ph.D.

   Director   September 27, 2018
Jakob Loven, Ph.D.     

/s/ Bradley Margus

   Director   September 27, 2018
Bradley Margus     

/s/ Briggs Morrison, M.D.

   Director   September 27, 2018
Briggs Morrison, M.D.     

/s/ Kush Parmar, M.D., Ph.D.

   Director   September 27, 2018
Kush Parmar, M.D., Ph.D.     

/s/ Liam Ratcliffe, M.D., Ph.D.

   Director   September 27, 2018
Liam Ratcliffe, M.D., Ph.D.     
EX-4.1

Exhibit 4.1

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

OF

ARVINAS, INC.

FIRST: The name of this corporation is Arvinas, Inc. (the “Corporation”).

SECOND: The address of the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is 251 Little Falls Drive, in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware 19808. The name of its registered agent at such address is Corporation Service Company.

THIRD: The nature of the business or purposes to be conducted or promoted is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “General Corporation Law”).

FOURTH: The total number of shares of all classes of stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is (i) 200,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share (“Common Stock), and (ii) 64,018,336 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share (“Preferred Stock”).

The following is a statement of the designations and the powers, privileges and rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof in respect of each class of capital stock of the Corporation.

A.    COMMON STOCK

1.    General. The voting, dividend and liquidation rights of the holders of the Common Stock are subject to and qualified by the rights, powers and preferences of the holders of the Preferred Stock set forth herein.

2.    Voting. The holders of the Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock held at all meetings of stockholders (and written actions in lieu of meetings); provided, however, that, except as otherwise required by law, holders of Common Stock, as such, shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to this Certificate of Incorporation that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation or pursuant to the General Corporation Law. There shall be no cumulative voting. The number of authorized shares of Common Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by (in addition to any vote of the holders of one or more series of Preferred Stock that may be required by the terms of this Certificate of Incorporation) the affirmative vote of the holders of shares of capital stock of the Corporation representing a majority of the votes represented by all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote, irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the General Corporation Law.

B.    PREFERRED STOCK

22,573,781 shares of the authorized Preferred Stock of the Corporation are hereby designated “Series A Preferred Stock”, 24,977,489 shares of the authorized Preferred Stock of the Corporation are hereby designated “Series B Preferred Stock” and 16,467,066 shares of the

 

1


authorized Preferred Stock of the Corporation are hereby designated “Series C Preferred Stock”. The Preferred Stock shall have the following rights, preferences, powers, privileges and restrictions, qualifications and limitations, as applicable. Unless otherwise indicated, references to “Sections” or “Subsections” in this Part B of this Article Fourth refer to sections and subsections of Part B of this Article Fourth.

1.    Dividends.

The holders of Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive dividends, out of any assets legally available therefor, prior and in preference to any declaration or payment of any dividend (payable other than in Common Stock or other securities and rights convertible into or entitling the holder thereof to receive, directly or indirectly, additional shares of Common Stock of the Corporation) at the rate of eight percent (8%) of the applicable Original Issue Price (as defined below) per share of Preferred Stock per annum (the “Preferred Dividend”), payable only when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board”). The Corporation shall not declare, pay or set aside any dividends on shares of any other class or series of capital stock of the Corporation (other than dividends on shares of Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock) unless (in addition to the obtaining of any consents required elsewhere in this Certificate of Incorporation) the holders of the Preferred Stock then outstanding shall first receive, or simultaneously receive, a dividend on each outstanding share of Preferred Stock in an amount at least equal to the greater of (i) the Preferred Dividend from the date of issuance of such share of Preferred Stock (to the extent not paid) and (ii) (A) in the case of a dividend on Common Stock or any class or series that is convertible into Common Stock, that dividend per share of Preferred Stock as would equal the product of (I) the dividend payable on each share of such class or series determined, if applicable, as if all shares of such class or series had been converted into Common Stock and (II) the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of a share of Preferred Stock, in each case calculated on the record date for determination of holders entitled to receive such dividend or (B) in the case of a dividend on any class or series that is not convertible into Common Stock, at a rate per share of Preferred Stock determined by (I) dividing the amount of the dividend payable on each share of such class or series of capital stock by the original issuance price of such class or series of capital stock (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to such class or series) and (II) multiplying such fraction by an amount equal to the Original Issue Price (as defined below); provided that, if the Corporation declares, pays or sets aside, on the same date, a dividend on shares of more than one class or series of capital stock of the Corporation, the dividend payable to the holders of Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 1 shall be calculated based upon the dividend on the class or series of capital stock that would result in the highest dividend. The “Series A Original Issue Price” shall mean $0.6811 per share, subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock. The “Series B Original Issue Price” shall mean $1.6659 per share, subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Series B Preferred Stock. The “Series C Original Issue Price” shall mean $3.34 per share, subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Series C Preferred Stock. The “Original Issue Price” shall mean

 

2


the Series A Original Issue Price with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock, the Series B Original Issue Price with respect to the Series B Preferred Stock and the Series C Original Issue Price with respect to the Series C Preferred Stock.

2.    Liquidation, Dissolution or Winding Up; Certain Mergers, Consolidations and Asset Sales.

2.1    Preferential Payments to Holders of Preferred Stock. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, the holders of shares of Preferred Stock then outstanding shall be entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders, and in the event of a Deemed Liquidation Event (as defined below), the holders of shares of Preferred Stock then outstanding shall be entitled to be paid out of the consideration payable to stockholders in such Deemed Liquidation Event or out of the Available Proceeds (as defined below), as applicable, before any payment shall be made to the holders of Common Stock by reason of their ownership thereof, an amount per share equal to the greater of the applicable Original Issue Price, plus any dividends declared but unpaid thereon, or (ii) such amount per share as would have been payable had all shares of Preferred Stock been converted into Common Stock pursuant to Section 4 immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution, winding up or Deemed Liquidation Event (the amount payable pursuant to this sentence is hereinafter referred to as the “Liquidation Amount”). If upon any such liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation or Deemed Liquidation Event, the assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders shall be insufficient to pay the holders of shares of Preferred Stock the full amount to which they shall be entitled under this Subsection 2.1, the holders of shares of Preferred Stock shall share ratably in any distribution of the assets available for distribution in proportion to the respective amounts which would otherwise be payable in respect of the shares held by them upon such distribution if all amounts payable on or with respect to such shares were paid in full.

2.2    Payments to Holders of Common Stock. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, after the payment in full of all Liquidation Amounts required to be paid to the holders of shares of Preferred Stock, the remaining assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders or, in the case of a Deemed Liquidation Event, the consideration not payable to the holders of shares of Preferred Stock pursuant to Section 2.1 or the remaining Available Proceeds, as the case may be, shall be distributed among the holders of shares of Preferred Stock and Common Stock, pro rata based on the number of shares held by each such holder, treating for this purpose all such securities as if they had been converted to Common Stock pursuant to the terms of this Certificate of Incorporation immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation.

 

3


2.3    Deemed Liquidation Events.

2.3.1    Definition. Each of the following events shall be considered a “Deemed Liquidation Event” and a “Sale Transaction” unless the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66-2/3%) of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the then-outstanding shares of Preferred Stock (the “Requisite Holders”) elect otherwise by written notice sent to the Corporation at least fifteen (15) days prior to the effective date of any such event:

(a)    a merger or consolidation in which

 

  (i)

the Corporation is a constituent party or

 

  (ii)

a subsidiary of the Corporation is a constituent party and the Corporation issues shares of its capital stock pursuant to such merger or consolidation,

except any such merger or consolidation involving the Corporation or a subsidiary in which the shares of capital stock of the Corporation outstanding immediately prior to such merger or consolidation continue to represent, or are converted into or exchanged for shares of capital stock that represent, immediately following such merger or consolidation, at least a majority, by voting power, of the capital stock of (1) the surviving or resulting corporation; or (2) if the surviving or resulting corporation is a wholly owned subsidiary of another corporation immediately following such merger or consolidation, the parent corporation of such surviving or resulting corporation (provided that, all shares of capital stock issuable upon exercise of options outstanding immediately prior to such merger or consolidation or upon conversion of convertible securities outstanding prior to such merger or consolidation shall be deemed to be outstanding immediately prior to such merger or consolidation and, if applicable, converted or exchanged in such merger or consolidation on the same terms as the actual outstanding shares of capital stock are converted or exchanged); or

(b)    (1) the sale, lease, transfer, exclusive license or other disposition, in a single transaction or series of related transactions, by the Corporation or any subsidiary of the Corporation of all or substantially all the assets of the Corporation and its subsidiaries taken as a whole or (2) the sale or disposition (whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise, and whether in a single transaction or a series of related transactions) of one or more subsidiaries of the Corporation if substantially all of the assets of the Corporation and its subsidiaries taken as a whole are held by such subsidiary or subsidiaries, except where such sale, lease, transfer, exclusive license or other disposition is to a wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation.

2.3.2    Effecting a Deemed Liquidation Event.

(a)    The Corporation shall not have the power to effect a Deemed Liquidation Event referred to in Subsection 2.3.1(a)(i) unless the agreement or plan of merger or consolidation for such transaction (the “Merger Agreement”) provides that the consideration payable to the stockholders of the Corporation in such Deemed Liquidation Event shall be paid to the holders of capital stock of the Corporation in accordance with Subsections 2.1 and 2.2.

 

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(b)    In the event of a Deemed Liquidation Event referred to in Subsection 2.3.1(a)(ii) or 2.3.1(b), if the Corporation does not effect a dissolution of the Corporation under the General Corporation Law within ninety (90) days after such Deemed Liquidation Event, then (i) the Corporation shall send a written notice to each holder of Preferred Stock no later than the ninetieth (90th) day after the Deemed Liquidation Event advising such holders of their right (and the requirements to be met to secure such right) pursuant to the terms of the following clause; (ii) to require the redemption of such shares of Preferred Stock, and (iii) if the Requisite Holders so request in a written instrument delivered to the Corporation not later than one hundred twenty (120) days after such Deemed Liquidation Event, the Corporation shall use the consideration received by the Corporation for such Deemed Liquidation Event (net of any retained liabilities associated with the assets sold or technology licensed, as determined in good faith by the Board), together with any other assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders, all to the extent permitted by Delaware law governing distributions to stockholders (the “Available Proceeds”), on the one hundred fiftieth (150th) day after such Deemed Liquidation Event, to redeem all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock at a price per share equal to the Liquidation Amount. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of a redemption pursuant to the preceding sentence, if the Available Proceeds are not sufficient to redeem all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock, the Corporation shall redeem a pro rata portion of each holder’s shares of Preferred Stock to the fullest extent of such Available Proceeds, based on the respective amounts which would otherwise be payable in respect of the shares to be redeemed if the Available Proceeds were sufficient to redeem all such shares, and shall redeem the remaining shares as soon as it may lawfully do so under Delaware law governing distributions to stockholders. The provisions of Section 6 shall apply, with such necessary changes in the details thereof as are necessitated by the context, to the redemption of the Preferred Stock pursuant to this Subsection 2.3.2(b). Prior to the distribution or redemption provided for in this Subsection 2.3.2(b), the Corporation shall not expend or dissipate the consideration received for such Deemed Liquidation Event, except to discharge expenses incurred in connection with such Deemed Liquidation Event or in the ordinary course of business.

2.3.3    Amount Deemed Paid or Distributed. The amount deemed paid or distributed to the holders of capital stock of the Corporation upon any such merger, consolidation, sale, transfer, exclusive license, other disposition or redemption shall be the cash or the value of the property, rights or securities to be paid or distributed to such holders pursuant to such Deemed Liquidation Event. In the event of a Sale Transaction, the consideration received by the Corporation is other than cash, its value will be valued as follows: (A) securities not subject to investment letter or other similar restrictions on free marketability shall (1) if such securities are traded on a securities exchange, the value shall be deemed to be the average of the closing prices of the securities on such exchange over the fourteen-day period ending three days prior to the closing; and (2) if such securities are not traded on a securities exchange, the value shall be the fair market value thereof, as determined by the Board or (B) the method of valuation of securities subject to investment letter or other restrictions on free marketability (other than restrictions arising solely by virtue of a stockholder’s status as an affiliate or former affiliate) shall be to make an appropriate discount from the market value determined as above in (A)(1) or (A)(2) to reflect the approximate fair market value thereof, as determined by the Board.

 

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2.3.4    Allocation of Escrow and Contingent Consideration. In the event of a Sale Transaction, if any portion of the consideration payable to the stockholders of the Corporation is payable upon the occurrence of any event or the passage of time (including, without limitation, any deferred purchase price payments, installment payments, payments made in respect of any promissory note issued in such transaction, payments from escrow, purchase price adjustment payments or payments in respect of “earnouts” or holdbacks) (the “Contingent Consideration”), such Contingent Consideration shall not be deemed received by the Corporation or its stockholders unless and until such Contingent Consideration is indefeasibly received by the Corporation or its stockholders in accordance with the terms of such Sale Transaction. The definitive agreement with respect to such Sale Transaction shall provide that (A) the portion of such consideration that is not Contingent Consideration (the “Initial Consideration”) shall be allocated among the stockholders in accordance with Subsections 2.1 and 2.2 hereof as if the Initial Consideration were the only consideration payable in connection with such Sale Transaction and (B) any Contingent Consideration which becomes payable to the stockholders upon the release from escrow or the satisfaction of the applicable contingencies shall be allocated among the stockholders in accordance with this Section 2 after taking into account the previous payment of the Initial Consideration as part of the same transaction.

3.    Voting.

3.1    General. On any matter presented to the stockholders of the Corporation for their action or consideration at any meeting of stockholders of the Corporation (or by written consent of stockholders in lieu of meeting), each holder of outstanding shares of Preferred Stock shall be entitled to cast the number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of Common Stock into which the shares of Preferred Stock held by such holder are convertible as of the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote on such matter. Except as provided by law or by the other provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation, holders of Preferred Stock shall vote together with the holders of Common Stock as a single class and on an as-converted to Common Stock basis.

3.2    Election of Directors. The holders of record of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock, exclusively and as a separate class, shall be entitled to elect two (2) directors of the Corporation (the “Series A Preferred Directors”); the holders of record of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock, exclusively and as a separate class, shall be entitled to elect two (2) directors of the Corporation (the “Series B Preferred Directors”); the holders of record of the shares of Series C Preferred Stock, exclusively and as a separate class, shall be entitled to elect one (1) director of the Corporation (the “Series C Preferred Director” and together with the Series A Preferred Directors and the Series B Preferred Directors, the “Preferred Directors”); the holders of record of the shares of Common Stock, exclusively and as a separate class, shall be entitled to elect one (1) director of the Corporation (the “Common Director”). The remaining directors of the Corporation shall be elected by the holders of the Preferred Stock and Common Stock, voting together as a single class. Any director elected as provided in the preceding sentences may be removed without cause by, and only by, the affirmative vote of the holders of the shares of the class or series of capital stock entitled to elect such director or directors, given either at a special meeting of such stockholders duly called for that purpose or pursuant to a written consent of stockholders. If the

 

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holders of shares of Preferred Stock or Common Stock, as the case may be, fail to elect a sufficient number of directors to fill all directorships for which they are entitled to elect directors, voting exclusively and as a separate class, pursuant to the first sentence of this Subsection 3.2, then any directorship not so filled shall remain vacant until such time as the holders of the Preferred Stock or Common Stock, as the case may be, elect a person to fill such directorship by vote or written consent in lieu of a meeting; and no such directorship may be filled by stockholders of the Corporation other than by the stockholders of the Corporation that are entitled to elect a person to fill such directorship, voting exclusively and as a separate class. The holders of record of the shares of Common Stock and of any other class or series of voting stock (including the Preferred Stock), exclusively and voting together as a single class, shall be entitled to elect the balance of the total number of directors of the Corporation. At any meeting held for the purpose of electing a director, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the class or series entitled to elect such director shall constitute a quorum for the purpose of electing such director. Except as otherwise provided in this Subsection 3.2, a vacancy in any directorship filled by the holders of any class or series shall be filled only by vote or written consent in lieu of a meeting of the holders of such class or series or by any remaining director or directors elected by the holders of such class or series pursuant to this Subsection 3.2.

3.3    Preferred Stock Protective Provisions. At any time when at least 12,781,644 shares of Preferred Stock (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Preferred Stock) are outstanding, the Corporation shall not, either directly or indirectly by amendment, merger, consolidation or otherwise, do any of the following without (in addition to any other vote required by law or this Certificate of Incorporation) the written consent or affirmative vote of the Requisite Holders given in writing or by vote at a meeting, consenting or voting (as the case may be) separately as a class, and any such act or transaction entered into without such consent or vote shall be null and void ab initio, and of no force or effect.

3.3.1    authorize or issue, or obligate itself to issue, or reclassify any securities into, any shares or any other equity security (including any security convertible into or exercisable for any such equity security) having any right, preference or privilege senior or superior to, or being on parity with, the rights, preferences and privileges of the Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock or Series C Preferred Stock;

3.3.2    set aside or make any distribution in respect of, or redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire any of, (or pay into or set aside for a sinking fund for such purpose) any equity securities of the Company; provided, however, that this restriction shall not apply to (i) the redemption of shares of Preferred Stock pursuant to Section 6, (ii) distributions payable on the shares of Common Stock solely in the form of Additional Shares of Common Stock (as defined below), (iii) the repurchase of shares of Common Stock from managers, directors, officers, employees, advisors, consultants or other persons performing services for the Corporation or any subsidiary of the Corporation upon termination of such person’s employment or other relationship with the Corporation at no greater than the original purchase price, or (iv) the redemption of shares of Preferred Stock pursuant to the terms of the Second Amended and Restated Put Agreement, dated as of March 29, 2018, by and among the Corporation and certain stockholders (as amended from time to time, the “Put Agreement”).

 

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3.3.3    create, sell, assign, exclusively license, convey, or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets, property or business, (ii) merge or consolidate with or into any other entity, (iii) effect any transaction or series of related transactions in which more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation are transferred, (iv) effect a reorganization, recapitalization or division or (v) liquidate, dissolve or wind-up;

3.3.4    (i) permit any subsidiary of the Corporation to (i) sell, assign, exclusively license, convey, or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets, property or business except for licenses entered into in the ordinary course of business, (ii) merge or consolidate with or into any other entity, (iii) effect a reorganization, recapitalization or division or (iv) liquidate, dissolve or wind-up;

3.3.5    amend, alter or repeal any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Corporation;

3.3.6    amend any equity incentive plan of the Corporation;

3.3.7    create, issue, authorize or grant, or permit any subsidiary of the Corporation to create, issue, authorize or grant, any payment or other consideration to any person or entity in connection with a Sale Transaction other than in respect of any outstanding equity interest in the Corporation;

3.3.8    acquire or permit any subsidiary of the Corporation to acquire (by merger, purchase of stock or assets, any other business combination transaction or otherwise) any assets or securities for aggregate consideration in excess of $500,000 other than in the ordinary course of business unless such acquisition is approved by the Board including the affirmative vote, consent or approval of a majority of the Preferred Directors;

3.3.9    enter into, or permit any subsidiary of the Corporation to enter into, any agreement, understanding or transaction with any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Corporation other than in the ordinary course of business unless such agreement, understanding or transaction is approved by the Board including the affirmative vote, consent or approval of a majority of the Preferred Directors;

3.3.10    (i) permit any subsidiary of the Corporation to authorize or issue any security to any person other than to the Corporation unless it is approved by the Board including the affirmative vote, consent or approval of a majority of the Preferred Directors or (ii) sell, assign, convey or otherwise dispose of any security of any subsidiary of the Corporation unless it is approved by the Board including the affirmative vote, consent or approval of a majority of the Preferred Directors;

 

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3.3.11    engage, or permit any subsidiary of the Corporation to engage, in any business other than the business in which the Corporation is engaged unless such business is approved by the Board including the affirmative vote, consent or approval of a majority of the Preferred Directors;

3.3.12    incur any debt (other than trade payables incurred in the ordinary course of business) in excess of $500,000 or guaranty the debt of any other person in excess of $500,000 or permit any subsidiary of the Corporation to incur any debt (other than trade payables incurred in the ordinary course of business) in excess of $500,000 or guaranty any debt in excess of $500,000 unless it is approved by the Board including the affirmative vote, consent or approval of a majority of the Preferred Directors;

3.4    Series A Preferred Stock Protective Provision. At any time when at least 4,492,733 shares of Series A Preferred Stock (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock) are outstanding, the Corporation shall not, either directly or indirectly by amendment, merger, consolidation or otherwise, amend, alter or repeal any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Corporation in a manner that would alter or change the rights, preferences or privileges of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock so as to adversely affect such shares of Series A Preferred Stock, but not so affect the shares of Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock in a proportional manner without (in addition to any other vote required by law or this Certificate of Incorporation) the written consent or affirmative vote of at least sixty-two and one-half percent (62.5%) of the then-outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock, given in writing or by vote at a meeting, consenting or voting (as the case may be) separately as a class, and any such act or transaction entered into without such consent or vote shall be null and void ab initio, and of no force or effect, (it being understood, solely for the avoidance of doubt and without in any way expanding the foregoing right of the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock, that neither (A) the effectuation of the liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Corporation or the effectuation of any Sale Transaction Event nor (B) the creation, authorization or issuance of any new series of Preferred Stock constitutes such an adverse change to the rights, preferences or privileges of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock).

3.5    Series B Preferred Stock Protective Provision. At any time when at least 4,995,497 shares of Series B Preferred Stock (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Series B Preferred Stock) are outstanding, the Corporation shall not, either directly or indirectly by amendment, merger, consolidation or otherwise, amend, alter or repeal any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Corporation in a manner that would alter or change the rights, preferences or privileges of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock so as to adversely affect such shares of Series B Preferred Stock, but not so affect the shares of Series A Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock in a proportional manner without (in addition to any other vote required by law or this Certificate of Incorporation) the written consent or affirmative vote of a majority of the then-outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock, given in writing or by vote at a meeting, consenting or voting (as the case may be) separately as a class, and any such act or

 

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transaction entered into without such consent or vote shall be null and void ab initio, and of no force or effect, (it being understood, solely for the avoidance of doubt and without in any way expanding the foregoing right of the holders of shares of Series B Preferred Stock, that neither (A) the effectuation of the liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Corporation or the effectuation of any Sale Transaction Event nor (B) the creation, authorization or issuance of any new series of Preferred Stock constitutes such an adverse change to the rights, preferences or privileges of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock).

3.6    Series C Preferred Stock Protective Provision. At any time when at least 3,293,413 shares of Series C Preferred Stock (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Series C Preferred Stock) are outstanding, the Corporation shall not, either directly or indirectly by amendment, merger, consolidation or otherwise, amend, alter or repeal any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Corporation in a manner that would alter or change the rights, preferences or privileges of the shares of Series C Preferred Stock so as to adversely affect such shares of Series C Preferred Stock, but not so affect the shares of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock in a proportional manner without (in addition to any other vote required by law or this Certificate of Incorporation) the written consent or affirmative vote of a majority of the then-outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock, given in writing or by vote at a meeting, consenting or voting (as the case may be) separately as a class, and any such act or transaction entered into without such consent or vote shall be null and void ab initio, and of no force or effect, (it being understood, solely for the avoidance of doubt and without in any way expanding the foregoing right of the holders of shares of Series C Preferred Stock, that neither (A) the effectuation of the liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Corporation or the effectuation of any Sale Transaction Event nor (B) the creation, authorization or issuance of any new series of Preferred Stock constitutes such an adverse change to the rights, preferences or privileges of the shares of Series C Preferred Stock).

4.    Optional Conversion.

The holders of the Preferred Stock shall have conversion rights as follows (the “Conversion Rights”):

4.1    Right to Convert.

4.1.1    Conversion Ratio. Each share of Preferred Stock shall be convertible, at the option of the holder thereof, at any time and from time to time, and without the payment of additional consideration by the holder thereof, into such number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock as is determined by dividing the applicable Original Issue Price by the applicable Conversion Price (as defined below) in effect at the time of conversion. The “Series A Conversion Price” shall initially be equal to $2.2136. The “Series B Conversion Price” shall initially be equal to $5.4142. The “Series C Conversion Price” shall initially be equal to $10.855. Such initial Series A Conversion Price, Series B Conversion and Series C Conversion Price, and the rate at which shares of Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series

 

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B Preferred Stock may be converted into shares of Common Stock, shall be subject to adjustment as provided below. The “Conversion Price” means the Series A Conversion Price with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock, the Series B Conversion Price with respect to the Series B Preferred Stock and the Series C Conversion Price with respect to the Series C Preferred Stock.

4.1.2    Termination of Conversion Rights. In the event of a notice of redemption of any shares of Preferred Stock pursuant to Section 6, the Conversion Rights of the shares designated for redemption shall terminate at the close of business on the last full day preceding the date fixed for redemption, unless the redemption price is not fully paid on such redemption date, in which case the Conversion Rights for such shares shall continue until such price is paid in full. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation or a Deemed Liquidation Event, the Conversion Rights shall terminate at the close of business on the last full day preceding the date fixed for the payment of any such amounts distributable on such event to the holders of Preferred Stock.

4.2    Fractional Shares. No fractional shares of Common Stock shall be issued upon conversion of the Preferred Stock. In lieu of any fractional shares to which the holder would otherwise be entitled, the Corporation shall pay cash equal to such fraction multiplied by the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined in good faith by the Board. Whether or not fractional shares would be issuable upon such conversion shall be determined on the basis of the total number of shares of Preferred Stock the holder is at the time converting into Common Stock and the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon such conversion.

4.3    Mechanics of Conversion.

4.3.1    Notice of Conversion. In order for a holder of Preferred Stock to voluntarily convert shares of Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock, such holder shall (a) provide written notice to the Corporation’s transfer agent at the office of the transfer agent for the Preferred Stock (or at principal office of the Corporation if the Corporation serves as its own transfer agent) that such holder elects to convert all or any number of such holder’s shares of Preferred Stock and, if applicable, any event on which such conversion is contingent and (b), if such holder’s shares are certificated, surrender the certificate or certificates for such shares of Preferred Stock (or, if such registered holder alleges that such certificate has been lost, stolen or destroyed, a lost certificate affidavit and agreement reasonably acceptable to the Corporation to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of such certificate), at the office of the transfer agent for the Preferred Stock (or at the principal office of the Corporation if the Corporation serves as its own transfer agent). Such notice shall state such holder’s name or the names of the nominees in which such holder wishes the shares of Common Stock to be issued. If required by the Corporation, any certificates surrendered for conversion shall be endorsed or accompanied by a written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Corporation, duly executed by the registered holder or his, her or its attorney duly authorized in writing. The close of business on the date of receipt by the transfer agent (or by the Corporation if the Corporation serves as its own transfer agent) of such notice and, if applicable, certificates (or lost certificate affidavit and

 

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agreement) shall be the time of conversion (the “Conversion Time”), and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the specified shares shall be deemed to be outstanding of record as of such date. The Corporation shall, as soon as practicable after the Conversion Time (i) issue and deliver to such holder of Preferred Stock, or to his, her or its nominees, a certificate or certificates for the number of full shares of Common Stock issuable upon such conversion in accordance with the provisions hereof, a certificate for the number (if any) of the shares of Preferred Stock represented by the surrendered certificate that were not converted into Common Stock, (ii) pay in cash such amount as provided in Subsection 4.2 in lieu of any fraction of a share of Common Stock otherwise issuable upon such conversion and (iii) pay all declared but unpaid dividends on the shares of Preferred Stock converted.

4.3.2    Reservation of Shares. The Corporation shall at all times when the Preferred Stock shall be outstanding, reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued capital stock, for the purpose of effecting the conversion of the Preferred Stock, such number of its duly authorized shares of Common Stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect the conversion of all outstanding Preferred Stock; and if at any time the number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock shall not be sufficient to effect the conversion of all then outstanding shares of the Preferred Stock, the Corporation shall take such corporate action as may be necessary to increase its authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock to such number of shares as shall be sufficient for such purposes, including, without limitation, engaging in best efforts to obtain the requisite stockholder approval of any necessary amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation. Before taking any action which would cause an adjustment reducing the applicable Conversion Price below the then par value of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the such Preferred Stock, the Corporation will take any corporate action which may, in the opinion of its counsel, be necessary in order that the Corporation may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock at such applicable adjusted Conversion Price.

4.3.3    Effect of Conversion. All shares of Preferred Stock which shall have been surrendered for conversion as herein provided shall no longer be deemed to be outstanding and all rights with respect to such shares shall immediately cease and terminate at the Conversion Time, except only the right of the holders thereof to receive shares of Common Stock in exchange therefor, to receive payment in lieu of any fraction of a share otherwise issuable upon such conversion as provided in Subsection 4.2 and to receive payment of any dividends declared but unpaid thereon. Any shares of Preferred Stock so converted shall be retired and cancelled and may not be reissued as shares of such series, and the Corporation may thereafter take such appropriate action (without the need for stockholder action) as may be necessary to reduce the authorized number of shares of Preferred Stock accordingly.

4.3.4    No Further Adjustment. Upon any such conversion, no adjustment to the applicable Conversion Price shall be made for any declared but unpaid dividends on the Preferred Stock surrendered for conversion or on the Common Stock delivered upon conversion.

 

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4.3.5    Taxes. The Corporation shall pay any and all issue and other similar taxes (other than taxes based on or measured by income) that may be payable in respect of any issuance or delivery of shares of Common Stock upon conversion of shares of Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 4; provided, however, that the Corporation shall not be obligated to pay any transfer taxes resulting from any transfer requested by any holder in connection with any such conversion.

4.4    Adjustments to Conversion Price for Diluting Issues.

4.4.1    Special Definitions. For purposes of this Article Fourth, the following definitions shall apply:

(a)    “Option” shall mean rights, options or warrants to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire Common Stock or Convertible Securities.

(b)    “Convertible Securities” shall mean any evidences of indebtedness, shares or other securities directly or indirectly convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, but excluding Options.

(c)    “Additional Shares of Common Stock” shall mean all shares of Common Stock issued (or, pursuant to Subsection 4.4.3 below, deemed to be issued) by the Corporation, other than (1) the following shares of Common Stock and (2) shares of Common Stock deemed issued pursuant to the following Options and Convertible Securities (clauses (1) and (2), collectively, “Exempted Securities”):

 

  (i)

shares of Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities issued as a dividend or distribution on Preferred Stock;

 

  (ii)

shares of Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities issued by reason of a dividend, stock split, split-up or other distribution on shares of Common Stock that is covered by Subsection 4.5, 4.6, 4.7 or 4.8;

 

  (iii)

shares of Common Stock or Options issued to employees or directors of, or consultants or advisors to, the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to a plan, agreement or arrangement approved by the Board;

 

  (iv)

shares of Common Stock or Convertible Securities actually issued upon the exercise of Options or shares of Common Stock actually issued upon the conversion or exchange of Convertible Securities, in each

 

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  case provided that (1) such issuance is pursuant to the terms of such Option or Convertible Security and (2) either (x) the Option or Convertible Security, under which the shares of Common Stock are issued, was (I) issued and outstanding as of the date of filing of this Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or (II) at the time of issuance thereof, an Exempted Security pursuant to the other clauses of this definition or (y) the issuance of such Option or Convertible Security, under which the Common Shares are issued, was approved by the Board;

 

  (v)

shares of Common Stock issued in an underwritten public offering registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”);

 

  (vi)

shares of Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities issued in connection with a bona fide business acquisition by the Corporation approved by (1) the Board (which approval must include the affirmative vote, consent or approval of a majority of the Preferred Directors) and (2) the Requisite Holders

 

  (vii)

shares of Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities issued to banks, equipment lessors or other financial institutions, or to real property lessors, pursuant to a debt financing, equipment leasing or real property leasing transaction approved by the Board;

 

  (viii)

shares of Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities issued in connection with sponsored research, collaboration, technology license, development, marketing or other similar agreements or strategic partnerships approved by the Board.

 

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4.4.2    No Adjustment of Conversion Price. No adjustment in the Conversion Price of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock if the Corporation receives written notice from the holders of at least sixty-two and one-half percent (62.5%) of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock then outstanding agreeing that no such adjustment shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of such Additional Shares of Common Stock. No adjustment in the Conversion Price of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock if the Corporation receives written notice from the holders of a majority of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock then outstanding agreeing that no such adjustment shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of such Additional Shares of Common Stock. No adjustment in the Conversion Price of the shares of Series C Preferred Stock shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock if the Corporation receives written notice from the holders of at least sixty percent (60%) of the shares of Series C Preferred Stock then outstanding agreeing that no such adjustment shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of such Additional Shares of Common Stock.

4.4.3    Deemed Issue of Additional Shares of Common Stock.

(a)    If the Corporation at any time or from time to time after the date of filing of this Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware shall issue any Options or Convertible Securities (excluding Options or Convertible Securities which are themselves Exempted Securities) or shall fix a record date for the determination of holders of any class of securities entitled to receive any such Options or Convertible Securities, then the maximum number of shares of Common Stock (as set forth in the instrument relating thereto, assuming the satisfaction of any conditions to exercisability, convertibility or exchangeability but without regard to any provision contained therein for a subsequent adjustment of such number) issuable upon the exercise of such Options or, in the case of Convertible Securities and Options therefor, the conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities, shall be deemed to be Additional Shares of Common Stock issued as of the time of such issue or, in case such a record date shall have been fixed, as of the close of business on such record date.

(b)    If the terms of any Option or Convertible Security, the issuance of which resulted in an adjustment to the applicable Conversion Price pursuant to the terms of Subsection 4.4.4, are revised as a result of an amendment to such terms or any other adjustment pursuant to the provisions of such Option or Convertible Security (but excluding automatic adjustments to such terms pursuant to anti-dilution or similar provisions of such Option or Convertible Security) to provide for either (1) any increase or decrease in the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise, conversion and/or exchange of any such Option or Convertible Security or (2) any increase or decrease in the consideration payable to the Corporation upon such exercise, conversion and/or exchange, then, effective upon such increase or decrease becoming effective, the applicable Conversion Price computed upon the original issue of such Option or Convertible Security (or upon the occurrence of a record date with respect thereto) shall be readjusted to such applicable Conversion Price as would have obtained had such revised terms

 

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been in effect upon the original date of issuance of such Option or Convertible Security. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no readjustment pursuant to this clause (b) shall have the effect of increasing the applicable Conversion Price to an amount which exceeds the lower of (i) the applicable Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to the original adjustment made as a result of the issuance of such Option or Convertible Security, or (ii) the applicable Conversion Price that would have resulted from any issuances of Additional Shares of Common Stock (other than deemed issuances of Additional Shares of Common Stock as a result of the issuance of such Option or Convertible Security) between the original adjustment date and such readjustment date.

(c)    If the terms of any Option or Convertible Security (excluding Options or Convertible Securities which are themselves Exempted Securities), the issuance of which did not result in an adjustment to the applicable Conversion Price pursuant to the terms of Subsection 4.4.4 (either because the consideration per share (determined pursuant to Subsection 4.4.5) of the Additional Shares of Common Stock subject thereto was equal to or greater than the applicable Conversion Price then in effect, or because such Option or Convertible Security was issued before the date of filing of this Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware), are revised as a result of an amendment to such terms or any other adjustment pursuant to the provisions of such Option or Convertible Security (but excluding automatic adjustments to such terms pursuant to anti-dilution or similar provisions of such Option or Convertible Security) to provide for either (1) any increase in the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of any such Option or Convertible Security or (2) any increase in the consideration payable to the Corporation upon such exercise, conversion or exchange, then such Option or Convertible Security, as so amended or adjusted, and the Additional Shares of Common Stock subject thereto (determined in the manner provided in Subsection 4.4.3(a)) shall be deemed to have been issued effective upon such increase or decrease becoming effective.

(d)    Upon the expiration or termination of any unexercised Option or unconverted or unexchanged Convertible Security (or portion thereof) which resulted (either upon its original issuance or upon a revision of its terms) in an adjustment to the applicable Conversion Price pursuant to the terms of Subsection 4.4.4 below, the applicable Conversion Price shall be readjusted to such applicable Conversion Price as would have obtained had such Option or Convertible Security (or portion thereof) never been issued.

(e)    If the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise, conversion and/or exchange of any Option or Convertible Security, or the consideration payable to the Corporation upon such exercise, conversion and/or exchange, is calculable at the time such Option or Convertible Security is issued or amended but is subject to adjustment based upon subsequent events, any adjustment to the applicable Conversion Price provided for in this Subsection 4.4.3 shall be effected at the time of such issuance or amendment based on such number of shares or amount of consideration without regard to any provisions for subsequent adjustments (and any subsequent adjustments shall be treated as provided in clauses (b) and (c) of this Subsection 4.4.3). If the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise, conversion and/or exchange of any Option or Convertible Security, or the consideration payable to the Corporation upon such exercise, conversion and/or exchange, cannot be calculated

 

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at all at the time such Option or Convertible Security is issued or amended, any adjustment to the applicable Conversion Price that would result under the terms of this Subsection 4.4.3 at the time of such issuance or amendment shall instead be effected at the time such number of shares and/or amount of consideration is first calculable (even if subject to subsequent adjustments), assuming for purposes of calculating such adjustment to the applicable Conversion Price that such issuance or amendment took place at the time such calculation can first be made.

4.4.4    Adjustment of Conversion Price Upon Issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock. In the event the Corporation shall at any time issue Additional Shares of Common Stock (including Additional Shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued pursuant to Subsection 4.4.3), without consideration or for a consideration per share less than the applicable Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such issuance or deemed issuance, then the applicable Conversion Price shall be reduced, concurrently with such issue, to a price (calculated to the nearest one-hundredth of a cent) determined in accordance with the following formula:

CP2 = CP1* (A + B) ÷ (A + C).

For purposes of the foregoing formula, the following definitions shall apply:

(a)    “CP2” shall mean the applicable Conversion Price in effect immediately after such issuance or deemed issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock

(b)    “CP1” shall mean the applicable Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such issuance or deemed issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock;

(c)    “A” shall mean the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such issuance or deemed issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock (treating for this purpose as outstanding all shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Options outstanding immediately prior to such issuance or deemed issuance or upon conversion or exchange of Convertible Securities (including the Preferred Stock) outstanding (assuming exercise of any outstanding Options therefor) immediately prior to such issue);

(d)    “B” shall mean the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued if such Additional Shares of Common Stock had been issued or deemed issued at a price per share equal to CP1 (determined by dividing the aggregate consideration received by the Corporation in respect of such issue by CP1); and

(e)    “C” shall mean the number of such Additional Shares of Common Stock issued in such transaction.

 

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4.4.5    Determination of Consideration. For purposes of this Subsection 4.4, the consideration received by the Corporation for the issuance or deemed issuance of any Additional Shares of Common Stock shall be computed as follows:

(a)    Cash and Property: Such consideration shall:

 

  (i)

insofar as it consists of cash, be computed at the aggregate amount of cash received by the Corporation, excluding amounts paid or payable for accrued interest, without deducting any discounts, commissions or other expenses paid or incurred by the Corporation in connection with the issuance or sale thereof;

 

  (ii)

insofar as it consists of property other than cash, be computed at the fair market value thereof at the time of such issue, as determined in good faith by the Board irrespective of any accounting treatment;

 

  (iii)

in the event Additional Shares of Common Stock are issued together with other shares or securities or other assets of the Corporation for consideration which covers both, be the proportion of such consideration so received, computed as provided in clauses (i) and (ii) above, as determined in good faith by the Board; and

 

  (iv)

in the case of an issuance or sale of Options or Convertible Securities together with other securities of the Corporation in an integrated transaction in which no specific consideration is allocated to such Options or Convertible Securities, the Board shall determine in good faith the portion of the consideration so received to be allocable to such securities, Options or Convertible Securities.

 

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(b)    Options and Convertible Securities. In the event that the Corporation at any time or from time to time shall issue any securities (excluding Exempted Securities) that by their terms are convertible into or exchangeable for Convertible Securities or Options (excluding Options or Convertible Securities which are themselves Exempted Securities) or shall fix a record date for the determination of holders of any class of securities then entitled to receive any such Options or Convertible Securities, the following provisions shall apply for all purposes of this Subsection 4.4:

 

  (i)

The aggregate maximum number of shares of Common Stock deliverable upon exercise of such Options, assuming the satisfaction of any conditions to exercisability (including, without limitation, the passage of time), shall be deemed to be Additional Shares of Common Stock issued at the time such Options were issued and for a consideration equal to the consideration (determined in the manner provided in Subsections 4.4.5(a)(i)-(iii)), if any, received by the Corporation upon the issuance of such Options plus the minimum exercise price provided in such Options.

 

  (ii)

The aggregate maximum number of shares of Common Stock deliverable upon conversion of or in exchange for such Convertible Securities or upon the exercise of Options for such Convertible Securities and subsequent conversion or exchange thereof, assuming the satisfaction of any conditions to convertibility or exchangeability and exercisability (including, without limitation, the passage of time), shall be deemed to be Additional Shares of Common Stock issued at the time such Convertible Securities were issued or such Options for Convertible Securities were issued and for a consideration equal to the consideration, if any, received by the Corporation for any such Convertible Securities and related Options, plus the minimum additional consideration, if any, to be received by the Corporation upon the conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities or the exercise of any related Options (the consideration in each case to be determined in the manner provided in Subsections 4.4.5(a)(i)-(iii).

 

  (iii)

In the event of any change in the number of shares of Common Stock deliverable or in the consideration payable to the Corporation upon exercise of such Options or upon conversion of or in exchange for such

 

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  Convertible Securities (including, without limitation, a change resulting from the antidilution provisions thereof), the Conversion Prices, to the extent in any way affected by or initially determined using such Options or Convertible Securities, shall be recomputed to reflect such change.

 

  (iv)

Upon the expiration of any such Options, the Conversion Prices, to the extent in any way affected by the issuance of such Options, shall be recomputed to reflect the issuance of only the number of shares of Common Stock actually issued or issuable upon the exercise of such Options.

 

  (v)

No readjustment or readjustments pursuant to either Subsections 4.4.5(b)(iii) or (iv) shall have the effect of increasing the Conversion Price of any shares of Preferred Stock to an amount that exceeds the lower of (x) the Conversion Price of such shares of Preferred Stock on the date of filing of this Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or (y) the Conversion Price that would have resulted from all issuances of Additional Shares of Common Stock between the date of filing of this Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and such readjustment date. In the event of any adjustment to the Conversion Price of any shares of Preferred Stock as a result of the issuance of Options or Convertible Securities pursuant to this Subsection 4.4, no further adjustment to such Conversion Price shall be made for the actual issuance of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of any such Options or the conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities.

4.4.6    Multiple Closing Dates. In the event the Corporation shall issue on more than one date Additional Shares of Common Stock that are a part of one transaction or a series of related transactions and that would result in an adjustment to the applicable Conversion Price pursuant to the terms of Subsection 4.4.4, and such issuance dates occur within

 

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a period of no more than ninety (90) days from the first such issuance to the final such issuance, then, upon the final such issuance, the applicable Conversion Price shall be readjusted to give effect to all such issuances as if they occurred on the date of the first such issuance (and without giving effect to any additional adjustments as a result of any such subsequent issuances within such period).

4.5    Adjustment for Stock Splits and Combinations. In the event that the Corporation should at any time, or from time to time, fix a record date for the effectuation of a split or subdivision of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or the determination of holders of shares of Common Stock entitled to receive a distribution payable in additional shares of Common Stock or other securities or rights convertible into, or entitling the holder thereof to receive directly or indirectly, additional shares of Common Stock (“Common Share Equivalents”) without payment of any consideration by such holder for the additional shares of Common Stock or Common Share Equivalents (including the additional shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion or exercise thereof), then, as of such record date (or the date of such dividend distribution, split or subdivision if no record date is fixed), the Conversion Price of each share of Preferred Stock shall be appropriately decreased so that the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on conversion thereof shall be increased in proportion to such increase of the aggregate of shares of Common Stock outstanding and those issuable with respect to such Common Share Equivalents (determined in the manner provided for deemed issuances set forth in Subsection 4.4.5(b). Notwithstanding the foregoing, if such record date shall have been fixed and any such distribution is not fully paid or if such distribution is not fully made on the date fixed therefor, the Conversion Price of each share of Preferred Stock shall be recomputed accordingly as of the close of business on such record date and thereafter such Conversion Price shall be adjusted pursuant to this subsection 4.5 as of the time of actual payment of such distributions. If the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at any time is decreased by a combination of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, then, following the record date of such combination, the Conversion Price of each series of Preferred Stock shall be appropriately increased so that the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on conversion thereof shall be decreased in proportion to such decrease in outstanding shares of Common Stock.

4.6    Adjustment for Certain Dividends and Distributions. In the event the Corporation at any time or from time to time shall make or issue, or fix a record date for the determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive, a dividend or other distribution payable on the Common Stock in additional shares of Common Stock, then and in each such event the applicable Conversion Price in effect immediately before such event shall be decreased as of the time of such issuance or, in the event such a record date shall have been fixed, as of the close of business on such record date, by multiplying the applicable Conversion Price then in effect by a fraction:

(1)    the numerator of which shall be the total number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the time of such issuance or the close of business on such record date, and

 

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(2)    the denominator of which shall be the total number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the time of such issuance or the close of business on such record date plus the number of shares of Common Stock issuable in payment of such dividend or distribution.

Notwithstanding the foregoing (a) if such record date shall have been fixed and such dividend is not fully paid or if such distribution is not fully made on the date fixed therefor, the applicable Conversion Price shall be recomputed accordingly as of the close of business on such record date and thereafter the applicable Conversion Price shall be adjusted pursuant to this subsection as of the time of actual payment of such dividends or distributions; and (b) that no such adjustment shall be made if the holders of Preferred Stock simultaneously receive a dividend or other distribution of shares of Common Stock in a number equal to the number of shares of Common Stock as they would have received if all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock had been converted into Common Stock on the date of such event.

4.7    Adjustments for Other Dividends and Distributions. In the event the Corporation at any time or from time to time shall make or issue, or fix a record date for the determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive, a dividend or other distribution payable in securities of the Corporation (other than a distribution of shares of Common Stock in respect of outstanding shares of Common Stock) or in other property and the provisions of Section 1 do not apply to such dividend or distribution, then and in each such event the holders of Preferred Stock shall receive, simultaneously with the distribution to the holders of Common Stock, a dividend or other distribution of such securities or other property in an amount equal to the amount of such securities or other property as they would have received if all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock had been converted into Common Stock on the date of such event.

4.8    Adjustment for Merger or Reorganization, etc. Subject to the provisions of Subsection 2.3, if there shall occur any reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, consolidation or merger involving the Corporation in which the Common Stock (but not the Preferred Stock) is converted into or exchanged for securities, cash or other property (other than a transaction covered by Subsections 4.4, 4.6 or 4.7), then, following any such reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, consolidation or merger, each share of Preferred Stock shall thereafter be convertible in lieu of the Common Stock into which it was convertible prior to such event into the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property which a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock of the Corporation issuable upon conversion of one share of Preferred Stock immediately prior to such reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, consolidation or merger would have been entitled to receive pursuant to such transaction; and, in such case, appropriate adjustment (as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Corporation) shall be made in the application of the provisions in this Section 4 with respect to the rights and interests thereafter of the holders of the Preferred Stock, to the end that the provisions set forth in this Section 4 (including provisions with respect to changes in and other adjustments of the applicable Conversion Price shall thereafter be applicable, as nearly as reasonably may be, in relation to any securities or other property thereafter deliverable upon the conversion of such Preferred Stock.

 

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4.9    Certificate as to Adjustments. Upon the occurrence of each adjustment or readjustment of the applicable Conversion Price pursuant to this Section 4, the Corporation at its expense shall, as promptly as reasonably practicable but in any event not later than ten (10) days thereafter, compute such adjustment or readjustment in accordance with the terms hereof and furnish to each holder of affected Preferred Stock a certificate setting forth such adjustment or readjustment (including the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property into which such Preferred Stock is convertible) and showing in detail the facts upon which such adjustment or readjustment is based. The Corporation shall, as promptly as reasonably practicable after the written request at any time of any holder of Preferred Stock (but in any event not later than ten (10) days thereafter), furnish or cause to be furnished to such holder a certificate setting forth (i) the applicable Conversion Price then in effect, and (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock and the amount, if any, of other securities, cash or property which then would be received upon the conversion of such Preferred Stock.

4.10    Notice of Record Date. In the event:

(a)    the Corporation shall take a record of the holders of its Common Stock (or other capital stock or securities at the time issuable upon conversion of the Preferred Stock) for the purpose of entitling or enabling them to receive any dividend or other distribution, or to receive any right to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or any other securities, or to receive any other security; or

(b)    of any capital reorganization of the Corporation, any reclassification of the Common Stock of the Corporation, or any Deemed Liquidation Event; or

(c)    of the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the Corporation,

then, and in each such case, the Corporation will send or cause to be sent to the holders of the Preferred Stock a notice specifying, as the case may be, (i) the record date for such dividend, distribution or right, and the amount and character of such dividend, distribution or right, or (ii) the effective date on which such reorganization, reclassification, consolidation, merger, transfer, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up is proposed to take place, and the time, if any is to be fixed, as of which the holders of record of Common Stock (or such other capital stock or securities at the time issuable upon the conversion of the Preferred Stock) shall be entitled to exchange their shares of Common Stock (or such other capital stock or securities) for securities or other property deliverable upon such reorganization, reclassification, consolidation, merger, transfer, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up, and the amount per share and character of such exchange applicable to the Preferred Stock and the Common Stock. Such notice shall be sent at least ten (10) days prior to the record date or effective date for the event specified in such notice.

 

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5.    Mandatory Conversion.

5.1    Trigger Events. Upon either (a) the closing of an underwritten public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, resulting in at least $70,000,000 in gross proceeds, before deducting underwriting discount and commissions, to the Corporation and in connection with such offering the Common Stock is listed for trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market’s National Market, the New York Stock Exchange or (b) the date and time, or the occurrence of an event, specified by vote or written consent of the Requisite Holders (the time of such closing or the date and time specified or the time of the event specified in such vote or written consent is referred to herein as the “Mandatory Conversion Time”), then (i) all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock shall automatically be converted into shares of Common Stock, at the then effective conversion rate as calculated pursuant to Subsection 4.1.1. and (ii) such shares may not be reissued by the Corporation.

5.2    Procedural Requirements. All holders of record of shares of Preferred Stock shall be sent written notice of the Mandatory Conversion Time and the place designated for mandatory conversion of all such shares of Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 5. Such notice need not be sent in advance of the occurrence of the Mandatory Conversion Time. Upon receipt of such notice, each holder of shares of Preferred Stock in certificated form shall surrender his, her or its certificate or certificates for all such shares (or, if such holder alleges that such certificate has been lost, stolen or destroyed, a lost certificate affidavit and agreement reasonably acceptable to the Corporation to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of such certificate) to the Corporation at the place designated in such notice. If so required by the Corporation, any certificates surrendered for conversion shall be endorsed or accompanied by written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Corporation, duly executed by the registered holder or by his, her or its attorney duly authorized in writing. All rights with respect to the Preferred Stock converted pursuant to Section 5, including the rights, if any, to receive notices and vote (other than as a holder of Common Stock), will terminate at the Mandatory Conversion Time (notwithstanding the failure of the holder or holders thereof to surrender any certificates at or prior to such time), except only the rights of the holders thereof, upon surrender of any certificate or certificates of such holders (or lost certificate affidavit and agreement) therefor, to receive the items provided for in the next sentence of this Subsection 5.2). The Corporation shall, as soon as practicable and in no event later than ten (10) days after (x) if shares of Preferred Stock are certificated, the delivery date of said certificates to the Corporation, or (y) if shares of Preferred Stock are not certificated, the effective conversion date of said shares of Preferred Stock: (i) if Common Shares are certificated, issue and deliver at such office to such holder of shares of Preferred Stock, or to the nominee or nominees of such holder, a certificate or certificates for the number of shares of Common Stock to which such holder shall be entitled as aforesaid; (ii) pay in cash such amount as provided in Subsection 4.2 in lieu of any fraction of a share of Common Stock otherwise issuable upon such conversion; and (iii) pay any unpaid distributions on the shares of Preferred Stock converted. The person or persons entitled to receive the shares of Common Stock issuable upon such conversion pursuant to this Subsection 5.2 shall be treated for all purposes as the record holder or holders of such shares of Common Stock as of the effective date of such conversion. If the conversion is in connection with an underwritten offering of securities registered pursuant to the Securities Act, the conversion may, at the option of any holder tendering shares of Preferred Stock for conversion, be conditioned upon the closing with the underwriters of the sale of securities pursuant to such offering in which event the person(s) entitled to receive the shares of Common Stock upon conversion of the Shares of Preferred Stock shall not be deemed to have converted such shares of Preferred Stock until immediately prior to the closing of such sale of securities.

 

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6.    Redemption.

6.1    General. If, at any time after April 1, 2022, the Requisite Holders request, by written notice delivered to the Corporation and each other holder of shares of Preferred Stock, that the Corporation redeem the outstanding Preferred Stock, the Corporation shall redeem all of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock in three equal annual installments and the first such installment shall be a business day that is not more than 120 days after the Corporation’s receipt of such request. The date of each such installment shall be referred to herein as a “Redemption Date”. The Corporation shall effect such redemption on each Redemption Date by paying the holders of the shares of Preferred Stock to be redeemed on such Redemption Date, in cash therefor, the amount per share of Preferred Stock equal to the greater of (A) the applicable Original Issue Price of such share of Preferred Stock and (B) the fair market value of such share of Preferred Stock as determined in good faith by the Board (the “Redemption Price”). In the event that the Requisite Holders disagree with the fair market value established by the Board, the Corporation and the Requisite Holders shall mutually agree upon and select an independent investment bank, accounting firm or other financial institution to determine the fair market value (the “Independent Evaluator”); provided that in the event that the Corporation and the Requisite Holders are unable to mutually agree on an Independent Evaluator, the Corporation and the Requisite Holders shall each select an Independent Evaluator and the two Independent Evaluators shall mutually agree upon a final Independent Evaluator to determine such fair market value. The final Independent Evaluator’s determination of the fair market value of each share of Preferred Stock shall be set forth in a written detailed report mutually addressed to the Board and the holders of the shares of Preferred Stock and such determination shall be final, conclusive and binding upon the Corporation and such holders. All costs related to the appointment of and valuation by the Independent Evaluators shall be shared equally between the Corporation and the holders of the shares of Preferred Stock. On each Redemption Date, the Corporation shall redeem, on a pro rata basis in accordance with the number of shares of Preferred Stock held by each holder thereof, that number of outstanding shares of Preferred Stock determined by dividing (i) the total number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding immediately prior to such Redemption Date by (ii) the number of remaining Redemption Dates (including the Redemption Date to which such calculation applies). If the redemption by the Corporation of all shares of Preferred Stock to be redeemed on such Redemption Date would be prohibited by Delaware law governing distributions to stockholders, the Corporation shall redeem a pro rata portion of such shares of Preferred Stock held by each holder thereof to the extent such redemption would not be prohibited by such provisions of Delaware law governing distributions to stockholders based on the respective amounts which would otherwise be payable in respect of the shares of Preferred Stock to be redeemed if the redemption of all such shares of Preferred Stock would not be prohibited by such provisions of Delaware law governing distributions to stockholders and shall redeem the remaining shares of Preferred Stock to have been redeemed as soon as practicable after the Corporation would not be prohibited from making such redemption under such provisions of Delaware law governing distributions to stockholders, provided that the redemption of all shares of Preferred Stock shall be prior and in preference to the redemption of any other shares of capital stock or other equity securities of the Corporation.

 

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6.2    Redemption Notice. The Corporation shall send (via an internationally recognized overnight courier) written notice of the mandatory redemption (the “Redemption Notice”) to each holder of record of shares of Preferred Stock not less than thirty (30) days prior to each Redemption Date. Each Redemption Notice shall state (i) the Redemption Price for the Preferred Shares to be redeemed on such Redemption Date; and (ii) the Redemption Date and the place at which such holders may obtain payment of such Redemption Price upon surrender of their share certificates (if any).

6.3    Surrender of Certificates; Payment. Each holder of shares of Preferred Stock to be redeemed shall surrender such holder’s certificates representing such shares of Preferred Stock (if any) to the Corporation in the manner and at the place designated in the Redemption Notice. The Redemption Price of the shares of Preferred Stock to be redeemed hereunder shall be payable to the order of the person in whose name such shares of Preferred Stock are owned as shown on the books and records of the Corporation and each such redeemed share of Preferred Stock shall be canceled. In the event less than all the shares of Preferred Stock represented by such certificates (if any) are redeemed, a new certificate shall be issued representing the unredeemed shares of Preferred Stock. If the Redemption Notice shall have been duly delivered, and if on the applicable Redemption Date the Redemption Price payable upon redemption of the shares of Preferred Stock to be redeemed on such Redemption Date is paid or tendered for payment, then, notwithstanding that any certificates evidencing such shares of Preferred Stock so called for redemption shall not have been surrendered, all rights with respect to such shares of Preferred Stock shall forthwith terminate as of the Redemption Date except only the right of the holders to receive the aggregate Redemption Price without interest upon surrender of their certificate or certificates (if any) therefor (or such holder notifies the Corporation that such certificates have been lost, stolen or destroyed and such holder executes an agreement to indemnify the Corporation from any loss incurred by it in connection with such certificates).

7.    Preemptive Rights.

7.1    Offered Securities. Each holder of Preferred Stock that is an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Regulation D as promulgated under the Securities Act (each, a “Qualified Holder”) shall have the right to purchase up to its pro rata share (as set forth in Section 7.2) of all Preferred Stock, Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities (together with a right of over-subscription as set forth in Section 7. 2) that the Corporation may, from time to time, propose to sell or issue, other than the Exempted Securities (the “Offered Securities”).

7.2    . Qualified Holders’ Pro Rata Share. Each Qualified Holders’ pro rata share is equal to the ratio of (a) the number of shares of Common Stock owned by such Qualified Holder, calculated on a Fully-Diluted Basis, immediately prior to the issuance of the Offered Securities to (b) the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding, calculated on a Fully-Diluted Basis, immediately prior to the issuance of the Offered Securities. “Fully-Diluted Basis” means, at the relevant time of determination, the

 

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number of shares of Common Stock outstanding assuming the conversion and exchange of all outstanding convertible and exchangeable securities (including the conversion of the shares of Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock) and the exercise of all then outstanding warrants, options or other rights to subscribe for or purchase any shares of Preferred Stock or Common Stock.

7.3    Exercise of Rights. If the Corporation proposes to issue any Offered Securities, it shall first give each Qualified Holder written notice of its intention, describing the Offered Securities, the price, the terms and the conditions upon which the Corporation proposes to issue the same and, if applicable, the identity of the persons to which the Offered Securities are intended to be offered (the “Offer Notice”). Each Qualified Holder shall have fifteen (15) business days from the delivery of the Offer Notice (the “Election Period”) to decide whether to purchase its pro rata share of the Offered Securities for the price specified in the Offer Notice by giving written notice to the Corporation and stating therein the quantity of Offered Securities, if any, that it elects to purchase. If the consideration to be paid by others for the Offered Securities is not cash, the fair market value of the consideration shall be determined in good faith by the Board and a reasonably detailed explanation of the Board’s determination of such value shall be included in the Offer Notice. All Qualified Holders electing to participate in the issuance of such Offered Securities (the “Electing Holders”) shall pay the cash equivalent thereof as so determined. If less than all of the Qualified Holders elect to purchase their full pro rata share of the Offered Securities, then the Corporation shall promptly notify in writing the Electing Holders and shall offer such Electing Holders the right to acquire the remaining Offered Securities (the Unsubscribed Securities”). Each of the Electing Holders shall have five (5) business days (the “Oversubscription Election Period”) after receipt of such notice to notify the Corporation of its election to purchase all or a portion of the Unsubscribed Securities (each such Electing Holder, an “Oversubscribing Holders”). If, as a result thereof, the Oversubscribing Holders’ oversubscription exceeds the total number of Unsubscribed Securities available to be purchased, the Unsubscribed Securities shall be allocated among the Oversubscribing Holders on a pro rata basis in accordance with their relative holdings of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Preferred Stock then held by them, or as they otherwise agree among themselves.

7.4    Third Party Sales of Offered Securities. If, following the Corporation’s compliance with this Section 7, the Qualified Holders do not purchase all of the Offered Securities, the Corporation shall have ninety (90) days after the expiration of the Oversubscription Election Period to sell the Offered Securities that the Qualified Holders did not purchase at a price and upon terms and conditions no more favorable to the purchasers thereof than specified in the Offer Notice. If the Corporation has not sold such Offered Securities within such 90-day period, the Corporation shall not thereafter issue or sell any Offered Securities without first offering such securities to the Qualified Holders in the manner provided in this Section 7.

 

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7.5    Waiver. Notwithstanding any other provision set forth herein, any and all rights arising under this Section 7 with respect to the issuance of any Offered Securities to any person may be waived, either prospectively or retrospectively, by the Requisite Holders and any such waiver shall be effective as to all Qualified Holders with such rights under this Section 7; provided that to the extent that such waiver would result in the quotient of (a) the number of such Offered Securities being offered by the Company to any Qualified Holder and its affiliates (under this Section 7 or otherwise) and (b) the total number of such Offered Securities being offered by the Corporation to all Qualified Holders and their affiliates (under this Section 7 or otherwise) being less than the quotient of (i) the number of shares of Common Stock owned by such Qualified Holder and its affiliates, calculated on a Fully-Diluted Basis, immediately prior to the issuance of the Offered Securities and (ii) the total number of shares of Common Stock owned by all Qualified Holders and their affiliates, calculated on a Fully-Diluted Basis, immediately prior to the issuance of the Offered Securities, then such waiver shall require the written consent of such Qualified Holder.

7.6    Termination. The rights and obligations set forth in this Section 7 shall immediately terminate upon the earliest of (a) the closing of a QPO or (b) the consummation of a Sale Transaction.

8.    Redeemed or Otherwise Acquired Shares. Any shares of Preferred Stock that are redeemed or otherwise acquired by the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries shall be automatically and immediately cancelled and retired and shall not be reissued, sold or transferred. Neither the Corporation nor any of its subsidiaries may exercise any voting or other rights granted to the holders of Preferred Stock following redemption.

9.    Waiver. Any of the rights, powers, preferences and other terms of the Preferred Stock set forth herein may be waived on behalf of all holders of Preferred Stock by the affirmative written consent or vote of the Requisite Holders. Any of the rights of the holders of Series A Preferred Stock set forth herein may be waived by the affirmative consent or vote of the holders of at least sixty-two and one-half percent (62.5%) of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock then outstanding. Any of the rights of the holders of Series B Preferred Stock set forth herein may be waived by the affirmative consent or vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock then outstanding. Any of the rights of the holders of Series C Preferred Stock set forth herein may be waived by the affirmative consent or vote of the holders of at least sixty percent (60%) of the shares of Series C Preferred Stock then outstanding.

10.    Notices. Any notice required or permitted by the provisions of this Article Fourth to be given to a holder of shares of Preferred Stock shall be mailed, postage prepaid, to the post office address last shown on the records of the Corporation, or given by electronic communication in compliance with the provisions of the General Corporation Law, and shall be deemed sent upon such mailing or electronic transmission.

 

28


FIFTH: The name and mailing address of the sole incorporator are as follows:

 

NAME

 

John Houston, Ph.D.

  

MAILING ADDRESS

 

c/o Arvinas, Inc.

5 Science Park

395 Winchester Avenue

New Haven, CT 06511

SIXTH: Subject to any additional vote required by this Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, in furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by statute, the Board is expressly authorized to make, repeal, alter, amend and rescind any or all of the Bylaws of the Corporation.

SEVENTH: Subject to any additional vote required by this Certificate of Incorporation, the number of directors of the Corporation shall be determined in the manner set forth in the Bylaws of the Corporation. Each director shall be entitled to one vote on each matter presented to the Board.

EIGHTH: Elections of directors need not be by written ballot unless the Bylaws of the Corporation shall so provide.

NINTH: Meetings of stockholders may be held within or without the State of Delaware, as the Bylaws of the Corporation may provide. The books of the Corporation may be kept outside the State of Delaware at such place or places as may be designated from time to time by the Board or in the Bylaws of the Corporation.

TENTH: To the fullest extent permitted by law, a director of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. If the General Corporation Law or any other law of the State of Delaware is amended after approval by the stockholders of this Article Tenth to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of a director of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law as so amended.

Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article Tenth by the stockholders of the Corporation shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation existing at the time of, or increase the liability of any director of the Corporation with respect to any acts or omissions of such director occurring prior to, such repeal or modification.

ELEVENTH: To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Corporation is authorized to provide indemnification of (and advancement of expenses to) directors, officers and agents of the Corporation (and any other persons to which General Corporation Law permits the Corporation to provide indemnification) through Bylaw

 

29


provisions, agreements with such agents or other persons, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, in excess of the indemnification and advancement otherwise permitted by Section 145 of the General Corporation Law.

Any amendment, repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article Eleventh shall not (a) adversely affect any right or protection of any director, officer or other agent of the Corporation existing at the time of such amendment, repeal or modification or (b) increase the liability of any director of the Corporation with respect to any acts or omissions of such director, officer or agent occurring prior to, such amendment, repeal or modification.

TWELFTH: The Corporation renounces, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any interest or expectancy of the Corporation in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any Excluded Opportunity. An “Excluded Opportunity” is any matter, transaction or interest that is presented to, or acquired, created or developed by, or which otherwise comes into the possession of, (i) any director of the Corporation who is not an employee of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries, or (ii) any holder of Preferred Stock or any partner, member, director, stockholder, employee, affiliate or agent of any such holder, other than someone who is an employee of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries (collectively, the persons referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) are “Covered Persons”), unless such matter, transaction or interest is presented to, or acquired, created or developed by, or otherwise comes into the possession of, a Covered Person expressly and solely in such Covered Person’s capacity as a director of the Corporation while such Covered Person is performing services in such capacity. Any repeal or modification of this Article Twelfth will only be prospective and will not affect the rights under this Article Twelfth in effect at the time of the occurrence of any actions or omissions to act giving rise to liability. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained elsewhere in this Certificate of Incorporation, the affirmative vote of the Requisite Holders, will be required to amend or repeal, or to adopt any provisions inconsistent with this Article Twelfth.

THIRTEENTH: Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation, its directors, officers or employees arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or the Corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation, its directors, officers or employees governed by the internal affairs doctrine, except for, as to each of (i) through (iv) above, any claim as to which the Court of Chancery determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery within ten days following such determination), which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery, or for which the Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction. If any provision or provisions of this Article Thirteenth shall be held to be invalid,

 

30


illegal or unenforceable as applied to any person or entity or circumstance for any reason whatsoever, then, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the validity, legality and enforceability of such provisions in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Article Thirteenth (including, without limitation, each portion of any sentence of this Article Thirteenth containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) and the application of such provision to other persons or entities and circumstances shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

 

31


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Certificate of Incorporation has been executed by the sole incorporator of this corporation on this 26th day of September, 2018.

 

By:  

/s/ John Houston

  John Houston, Ph.D.
  Sole Incorporator

 

32

EX-4.2

Exhibit 4.2

BYLAWS

OF

ARVINAS, INC.

(a Delaware corporation)


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

         Page  

ARTICLE I STOCKHOLDERS

     1  

1.1

 

Place of Meetings

     1  

1.2

 

Annual Meeting

     1  

1.3

 

Special Meetings

     1  

1.4

 

Notice of Meetings

     1  

1.5

 

Voting List

     1  

1.6

 

Quorum

     2  

1.7

 

Adjournments

     2  

1.8

 

Voting and Proxies

     2  

1.9

 

Action at Meeting

     3  

1.10

 

Conduct of Meetings

     3  

1.11

 

Action without Meeting

     4  

ARTICLE II DIRECTORS

     5  

2.1

 

General Powers

     5  

2.2

 

Number, Election and Qualification

     5  

2.3

 

Chairman of the Board; Vice Chairman of the Board

     5  

2.4

 

Tenure

     5  

2.5

 

Quorum

     5  

2.6

 

Action at Meeting

     6  

2.7

 

Removal

     6  

2.8

 

Vacancies

     6  

2.9

 

Resignation

     6  

2.10

 

Meetings

     6  

2.11

 

Notice of Special Meetings

     6  

2.12

 

Meetings by Conference Communications Equipment

     7  

2.13

 

Action by Consent

     7  

2.14

 

Committees

     7  

2.15

 

Compensation of Directors

     7  

2.16

 

Limitation of Liability

     8  

2.17

 

No Agency or Authority

     8  

ARTICLE III OFFICERS

     8  

3.1

 

Titles

     8  

3.2

 

Election

     8  

3.3

 

Qualification

     8  

3.4

 

Tenure

     8  

3.5

 

Resignation and Removal

     8  

3.6

 

Vacancies

     9  

3.7

 

President; Chief Executive Officer

     9  

3.8

 

Vice Presidents

     9  

3.9

 

Secretary and Assistant Secretaries

     9  

3.10

 

Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers

     10  

 

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3.11

 

Other Powers and Duties

     10  

3.12

 

Salaries

     10  

3.13

 

Delegation of Authority

     10  

ARTICLE IV CAPITAL STOCK

     11  

4.1

 

Issuance of Stock

     11  

4.2

 

Stock Certificates; Uncertificated Shares

     11  

4.3

 

Transfers

     12  

4.4

 

Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates

     12  

4.5

 

Record Date

     12  

4.6

 

Regulations

     13  

ARTICLE V INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

     13  

5.1

 

Indemnification of Directors and Officers

     13  

5.2

 

Indemnification of Employees and Agents

     13  

5.3

 

Indemnification Upon Successful Defense

     14  

5.4

 

Advance Payments

     14  

5.5

 

Non-Exclusive Nature of Indemnification

     14  

5.6

 

Insurance

     15  

5.7

 

Amendment or Repeal

     15  

5.8

 

Subsequent Legislation

     15  

5.9

 

Savings Clause

     15  

5.10

 

Merger or Consolidation

     16  

5.11

 

Partial Indemnification

     16  

ARTICLE VI TRANSACTIONS WITH INTERESTED PERSONS

     16  

ARTICLE VII GENERAL PROVISIONS

     17  

7.1

 

Fiscal Year

     17  

7.2

 

Corporate Seal

     17  

7.3

 

Waiver of Notice

     17  

7.4

 

Voting of Securities

     17  

7.5

 

Evidence of Authority

     17  

7.6

 

Certificate of Incorporation

     17  

7.7

 

Severability

     17  

7.8

 

Pronouns

     17  

ARTICLE VIII AMENDMENTS

     18  

8.1

 

By the Board of Directors

     18  

8.2

 

By the Stockholders

     18  

 

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ARTICLE I

STOCKHOLDERS

1.1    Place of Meetings. All meetings of stockholders shall be held at such place, if any, as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President or, if not so designated, at the principal executive office of the corporation. The Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that a meeting shall not be held at any place, but shall instead be held solely by means of remote communication in a manner consistent with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

1.2    Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of stockholders for the election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting shall be held on a date and at a time designated by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President. The Board of Directors may postpone, reschedule or cancel any previously scheduled annual meeting of stockholders.

1.3    Special Meetings. Special meetings of stockholders for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time only by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, and by stockholders holding, individually or collectively, twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the voting power of the shares of the capital stock of the corporation. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to matters relating to the purpose or purposes stated in the notice of meeting. The Board of Directors may postpone, reschedule or cancel any previously scheduled special meeting of stockholders.

1.4    Notice of Meetings. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, notice of each meeting of stockholders, whether annual or special, shall be given not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given to stockholders, any notice shall be effective if given by a form of electronic transmission consented to (in a manner consistent with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware) by the stockholder to whom the notice is given. The notices of all meetings shall state the place, if any, date and time of the meeting and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting. The notice of a special meeting shall state, in addition, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. If notice is given by mail, such notice shall be deemed given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at such stockholder’s address as it appears on the records of the corporation. If notice is given by electronic transmission, such notice shall be deemed given at the time specified in Section 232 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

1.5    Voting List. The corporation shall prepare, at least 10 days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares


registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting: (a) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (b) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a physical location (and not solely by means of remote communication), then the list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be examined by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting. Except as otherwise provided by law, such list shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the list of stockholders required by this Section 1.5 or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders.

1.6    Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of the capital stock of the corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person, present by means of remote communication in a manner, if any, authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business; provided, however, that where a separate vote by a class or classes or series of capital stock is required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of such class or classes or series of the capital stock of the corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on such matter, present in person, present by means of remote communication in a manner, if any, authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum entitled to take action with respect to the vote on such matter. A quorum, once established at a meeting, shall not be broken by the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum.

1.7    Adjournments. Any meeting of stockholders may be adjourned from time to time to reconvene at any other time and to any other place at which a meeting of stockholders may be held under these Bylaws by the chairman of the meeting or by the stockholders present or represented at the meeting and entitled to vote, although less than a quorum. It shall not be necessary to notify any stockholder of any adjournment of less than 30 days if the time and place, if any, of the adjourned meeting, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting, are announced at the meeting at which adjournment is taken, unless after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting. At the adjourned meeting, the corporation may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than 30 days, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

1.8    Voting and Proxies. Each stockholder shall have one vote upon the matter in question for each share of stock entitled to vote held of record by such stockholder and a proportionate vote for each fractional share so held, unless otherwise provided by law or the Certificate of Incorporation. Each stockholder of record entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders, or to express consent or dissent to corporate action without a meeting, may vote or

 

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express such consent or dissent in person (including by means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting) or may authorize another person or persons to vote or act for such stockholder by a proxy executed or transmitted in a manner permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware by the stockholder or such stockholder’s authorized agent and delivered (including by electronic transmission) to the Secretary of the corporation. No such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from the date of its execution, unless the proxy expressly provides for a longer period.

1.9    Action at Meeting. When a quorum is present at any meeting, any matter other than the election of directors to be voted upon by the stockholders at such meeting shall be decided by the vote of the holders of shares of stock having a majority in voting power of the votes cast by the holders of all of the shares of stock present or represented at the meeting and voting affirmatively or negatively on such matter (or if there are two or more classes or series of stock entitled to vote as separate classes, then in the case of each such class or series, the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of stock of that class or series present or represented at the meeting and voting affirmatively or negatively on such matter), except when a different vote is required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. When a quorum is present at any meeting, any election by stockholders of directors shall be determined by a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote on the election.

1.10    Conduct of Meetings.

(a)    Chairman of Meeting. Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, meetings of stockholders shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board, if any, or in the Chairman’s absence by the Vice Chairman of the Board, if any, or in the Vice Chairman’s absence by the Chief Executive Officer, or in the Chief Executive Officer’s absence, by the President, or in the President’s absence by a Vice President, or in the absence of all of the foregoing persons by a chairman designated by the Board of Directors, or in the absence of such designation by a chairman chosen by vote of the stockholders at the meeting. The Secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in the Secretary’s absence the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.

(b)    Rules, Regulations and Procedures. The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution such rules, regulations and procedures for the conduct of any meeting of stockholders of the corporation as it shall deem appropriate including, without limitation, such guidelines and procedures as it may deem appropriate regarding the participation by means of remote communication of stockholders and proxyholders not physically present at a meeting. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules, regulations and procedures as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to convene and (for any or no reason) to recess and/or adjourn the meeting and prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iii) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders

 

- 3 -


entitled to vote at the meeting, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as shall be determined; (iv) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.

1.11    Action without Meeting.

(a)    Taking of Action by Consent. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the corporation may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote on such action were present and voted. Except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, stockholders may act by written consent to elect directors; provided, however, that, if such consent is less than unanimous, such action by written consent may be in lieu of holding an annual meeting only if all of the directorships to which directors could be elected at an annual meeting held at the effective time of such action are vacant and are filled by such action.

(b)    Electronic Transmission of Consents. A telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission consenting to an action to be taken and transmitted by a stockholder or proxyholder, or by a person or persons authorized to act for a stockholder or proxyholder, shall be deemed to be written, signed and dated for the purposes of this section, provided that any such telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission sets forth or is delivered with information from which the corporation can determine (i) that the telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission was transmitted by the stockholder or proxyholder or by a person or persons authorized to act for the stockholder or proxyholder and (ii) the date on which such stockholder or proxyholder or authorized person or persons transmitted such telegram, cablegram or electronic transmission. The date on which such telegram, cablegram or electronic transmission is transmitted shall be deemed to be the date on which such consent was signed. No consent given by telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission shall be deemed to have been delivered until such consent is reproduced in paper form and until such paper form shall be delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to a corporation’s registered office shall be made by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. Notwithstanding the foregoing limitations on delivery, consents given by telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission may be otherwise delivered to the principal place of business of the corporation or to an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded if, to the extent and in the manner provided by resolution of the Board of Directors. Any copy, facsimile or other reliable reproduction of a consent in writing may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing for any and all purposes for which the original writing could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing.

 

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(c)    Notice of Taking of Corporate Action. Prompt notice of the taking of corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing and who, if the action had been taken at a meeting, would have been entitled to notice of the meeting if the record date for such meeting had been the date that written consents signed by a sufficient number of holders to take the action were delivered to the corporation.

ARTICLE II

DIRECTORS

2.1    General Powers. The business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of a Board of Directors, who may exercise all of the powers of the corporation except as otherwise provided by law or the Certificate of Incorporation.

2.2    Number, Election and Qualification. Subject to the rights of holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors, the number of directors of the corporation shall be established from time to time by the stockholders or the Board of Directors. The directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders by such stockholders as have the right to vote on such election. Election of directors need not be by written ballot. Directors need not be stockholders of the corporation.

2.3    Chairman of the Board; Vice Chairman of the Board. The Board of Directors may appoint from its members a Chairman of the Board and a Vice Chairman of the Board, neither of whom need be an employee or officer of the corporation. If the Board of Directors appoints a Chairman of the Board, such Chairman shall perform such duties and possess such powers as are assigned by the Board of Directors and, if the Chairman of the Board is also designated as the corporation’s Chief Executive Officer, shall have the powers and duties of the Chief Executive Officer prescribed in Section 3.7 of these Bylaws. If the Board of Directors appoints a Vice Chairman of the Board, such Vice Chairman shall perform such duties and possess such powers as are assigned by the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Board. Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board or, in the Chairman’s absence, the Vice Chairman of the Board, if any, shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors.

2.4    Tenure. Each director shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until a successor is elected and qualified, or until such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal.

2.5    Quorum. The greater of (a) a majority of the directors at any time in office and (b) one-third of the number of directors fixed pursuant to Section 2.2 of these Bylaws shall constitute a quorum of the Board of Directors; provided, however, to the extent that any action to be taken by the Board at any meeting requires the express affirmative vote or consent of a majority of the directors appointed by holders of preferred stock of the corporation, the presence of a majority of such preferred directors shall be the necessary quorum for such action. If at any meeting of the Board of Directors there shall be less than such a quorum, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

 

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2.6    Action at Meeting. Every act or decision done or made by a majority of the directors present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present shall be regarded as the act of the Board of Directors, unless a greater number is required by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation. If the directors present at such meeting are equally divided and unable to authorize or approve a designated matter or action that has been submitted to the Board for authorization or approval at such meeting, then, in each such case, the authorization or approval of such matter or action by a majority of the directors appointed by holders of preferred stock present at such meeting shall be the act of the Board (and such matter or action shall be duly authorized and approved).

2.7    Removal. Except as otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, any one or more or all of the directors of the corporation may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors, except that the directors elected by the holders of a particular class or series of stock may be removed without cause only by vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class or series.

2.8    Vacancies. Subject to the rights of holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors, unless and until filled by the stockholders, any vacancy or newly-created directorship on the Board of Directors, however occurring, may be filled by vote of a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. A director elected to fill a vacancy shall be elected for the unexpired term of such director’s predecessor in office, and a director chosen to fill a position resulting from a newly-created directorship shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until a successor is elected and qualified, or until such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal.

2.9    Resignation. Any director may resign by delivering a resignation in writing or by electronic transmission to the corporation at its principal executive office or to the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless it is specified to be effective at some later time or upon the happening of some later event.

2.10    Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at such time, date and place as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called, orally or in writing, by two or more directors (or, if there is only one (1) director then in office, by such sole director), designating the time, date and place thereof.

2.11    Notice of Special Meetings. Notice of the time, date and place of all special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be given to each director by the Secretary or Assistant Secretary, or in case of the death, absence, incapacity or refusal of such persons, by one of the directors (in the case of a regular meeting) or by one of the directors calling the meeting (in the case of a special meeting). Notice shall be given to each director by written notice delivered to his business or home address at least forty-eight (48) hours in advance of the meeting. Notice

 

- 6 -


need not be given to any director if a written waiver of notice is executed by him before or after the meeting. A director’s presence at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice unless such director notes at the outset of the meeting that he objects to lack of notice or improper notice. A notice or waiver of notice of a meeting of the Board of Directors need not specify the purposes of the meeting.

2.12    Meetings by Conference Communications Equipment. Directors may participate in meetings of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

2.13    Action by Consent. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent to the action in writing or by electronic transmission, and the written consents or electronic transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form. Such consent shall be treated as a vote of the Boar for all purposes.

2.14    Committees. The Board of Directors may designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation with such lawfully delegable powers and duties as the Board of Directors thereby confers, to serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members of the committee present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors and subject to the provisions of law, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it. Each such committee shall keep minutes and make such reports as the Board of Directors may from time to time request. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine, any committee may make rules for the conduct of its business, but unless otherwise provided by the directors or in such rules, its business shall be conducted as nearly as possible in the same manner as is provided in these Bylaws for the Board of Directors. Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, or the resolution of the Board of Directors designating the committee, a committee may create one or more subcommittees, each subcommittee to consist of one or more members of the committee, and delegate to a subcommittee any or all of the powers and authority of the committee.

2.15    Compensation of Directors. Directors shall be paid such compensation for their services and such reimbursement for expenses of attendance at meetings as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the corporation or any of its parent or subsidiary entities in any other capacity and receiving compensation for such service.

 

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2.16    Limitation of Liability. No director shall be obligated personally for any debt, obligation or liability of the Corporation or of any stockholder, whether arising in contract, tort or otherwise, solely by reason of being or acting as director of the Corporation. A director, solely in his, her or its capacity as a director, shall not be personally liable to the Corporation or the stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, except for liability (a) for any breach of such director’s duty of loyalty to the Corporation or the stockholders, (b) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law or (c) for any transaction from which such director derived any improper personal benefit.

2.17    No Agency or Authority. No director is an agent of the Corporation solely by virtue of being a director, and unless expressly authorized to do so by the Board of Directors after the date hereof, no director has the authority to act for or to bind the Corporation solely by virtue of being a director. Any Director who takes any action or purports or attempts to bind the Corporation in violation of this Section 2.17 shall be solely responsible for any loss and/or expense incurred by the Corporation as a result of such unauthorized action, and such director shall indemnify and hold harmless the Corporation with respect to such loss and/or expense.

ARTICLE III

OFFICERS

3.1    Titles. The officers of the corporation shall consist of a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Secretary, a Treasurer and such other officers with such other titles as the Board of Directors shall determine, including a Chief Financial Officer and one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Secretaries to exercise such powers and perform such duties as the Board of Directors designates. The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers as it may deem appropriate.

3.2    Election. The Chief Executive Officer, President, Treasurer and Secretary shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors at its first meeting following the annual meeting of stockholders. Other officers may be appointed by the Board of Directors at such meeting or at any other meeting.

3.3    Qualification. No officer need be a stockholder. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.

3.4    Tenure. Except as otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws, each officer shall hold office until such officer’s successor is elected and qualified, unless a different term is specified in the resolution electing or appointing such officer, or until such officer’s earlier death, resignation or removal.

3.5    Resignation and Removal. Any officer may resign by delivering a resignation in writing or by electronic transmission to the corporation at its principal executive office or to the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon

 

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receipt unless it is specified to be effective at some later time or upon the happening of some later event. Any officer may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by vote of a majority of the directors then in office. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine, no officer who resigns or is removed shall have any right to any compensation as an officer for any period following such officer’s resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal, whether such officer’s compensation be by the month or by the year or otherwise, unless such compensation is expressly provided for in a duly authorized written agreement with the corporation.

3.6    Vacancies. The Board of Directors may fill any vacancy occurring in any office for any reason and may, in its discretion, leave unfilled for such period as it may determine any offices. Each such successor shall hold office for the unexpired term of such officer’s predecessor and until a successor is elected and qualified, or until such officer’s earlier death, resignation or removal.

3.7    President; Chief Executive Officer. Unless the Board of Directors has designated another person as the corporation’s Chief Executive Officer, the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the corporation. The Chief Executive Officer shall have general charge and supervision of the business of the corporation subject to the direction of the Board of Directors, and shall perform all duties and have all powers that are commonly incident to the office of the chief executive or that are delegated to such officer by the Board of Directors. The President shall perform such other duties and shall have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer (if the President is not the Chief Executive Officer) may from time to time prescribe. In the event of the absence, inability or refusal to act of the Chief Executive Officer or the President (if the President is not the Chief Executive Officer), the Vice President (or if there shall be more than one, the Vice Presidents in the order determined by the Board of Directors) shall perform the duties of the Chief Executive Officer and when so performing such duties shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Chief Executive Officer.

3.8    Vice Presidents. Each Vice President shall perform such duties and possess such powers as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time prescribe. The Board of Directors may assign to any Vice President the title of Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President or any other title selected by the Board of Directors. Unless specifically authorized by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer, no Vice President shall be an agent of the Corporation or have any right, power or authority to act for or to bind the Corporation or to undertake or assume any obligation or responsibility of the Corporation.

3.9    Secretary and Assistant Secretaries. The Secretary shall perform such duties and shall have such powers as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time prescribe. In addition, the Secretary shall perform such duties and have such powers as are incident to the office of the secretary, including without limitation the duty and power to give notices of all meetings of stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, to attend all meetings of stockholders and the Board of Directors and keep a record of the proceedings, to maintain a stock ledger and prepare lists of stockholders and their addresses as required, to be custodian of corporate records and the corporate seal and to affix and attest to the same on documents.

 

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Any Assistant Secretary shall perform such duties and possess such powers as the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary may from time to time prescribe. In the event of the absence, inability or refusal to act of the Secretary, the Assistant Secretary (or if there shall be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Board of Directors) shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary.

In the absence of the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary at any meeting of stockholders or directors, the chairman of the meeting shall designate a temporary secretary to keep a record of the meeting.

3.10    Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers. The Chief Financial Officer shall, subject to the direction of the Board, have general charge of the financial affairs of the Corporation and shall cause to be kept accurate books of account. He or she shall have custody of all funds, securities, and valuable documents of the Corporation, except as the Board of Directors may otherwise provide. The Treasurer shall perform such duties and shall have such powers as may from time to time be assigned by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer. In addition, the Treasurer shall perform such duties and have such powers as are incident to the office of treasurer, including without limitation the duty and power to keep and be responsible for all funds and securities of the corporation, to deposit funds of the corporation in depositories selected in accordance with these Bylaws, to disburse such funds as ordered by the Board of Directors, to make proper accounts of such funds, and to render as required by the Board of Directors statements of all such transactions and of the financial condition of the corporation.

The Assistant Treasurers shall perform such duties and possess such powers as the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or the Treasurer may from time to time prescribe. In the event of the absence, inability or refusal to act of the Treasurer, the Assistant Treasurer (or if there shall be more than one, the Assistant Treasurers in the order determined by the Board of Directors) shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer.

3.11    Other Powers and Duties. Each officer of the Corporation shall have in addition to the duties and powers specifically set forth herein, such duties and powers as are customarily incident to his or her office, and such duties and powers as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors.

3.12    Salaries. Officers of the corporation shall be entitled to such salaries, compensation or reimbursement as shall be fixed or allowed from time to time by the Board of Directors.

3.13    Delegation of Authority. The Board of Directors may from time to time delegate the powers or duties of any officer to any other officer or agent, notwithstanding any provision hereof.

 

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ARTICLE IV

CAPITAL STOCK

4.1    Issuance of Stock. Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the whole or any part of any unissued balance of the authorized capital stock of the corporation or the whole or any part of any shares of the authorized capital stock of the corporation held in the corporation’s treasury may be issued, sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of by vote of the Board of Directors in such manner, for such lawful consideration and on such terms as the Board of Directors may determine.

4.2    Stock Certificates; Uncertificated Shares. The shares of the corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of the corporation’s stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the corporation. Every holder of stock of the corporation represented by certificates shall be entitled to have a certificate, in such form as may be prescribed by law and by the Board of Directors, representing the number of shares held by such holder registered in certificate form. Each such certificate shall be signed in a manner that complies with Section 158 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

Each certificate for shares of stock that are subject to any restriction on transfer pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, applicable securities laws or any agreement among any number of stockholders or among such holders and the corporation shall have conspicuously noted on the face or back of the certificate either the full text of the restriction or a statement of the existence of such restriction.

If the corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of each certificate representing shares of such class or series of stock, provided that in lieu of the foregoing requirements there may be set forth on the face or back of each certificate representing shares of such class or series of stock a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests a copy of the full text of the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.

Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of uncertificated shares, the registered owner thereof shall be given a notice, in writing or by electronic transmission, containing the information required to be set forth or stated on certificates pursuant to Sections 151, 156, 202(a) or 218(a) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or, with respect to Section 151 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.

 

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4.3    Transfers. Shares of stock of the corporation shall be transferable in the manner prescribed by law and in these Bylaws. Transfers of shares of stock of the corporation shall be made only on the books of the corporation or by transfer agents designated to transfer shares of stock of the corporation. Subject to applicable law, shares of stock represented by certificates shall be transferred only on the books of the corporation by the surrender to the corporation or its transfer agent of the certificate representing such shares properly endorsed or accompanied by a written assignment or power of attorney properly executed, and with such proof of authority or the authenticity of signature as the corporation or its transfer agent may reasonably require. Uncertificated shares may be transferred by delivery of a written assignment or power of attorney properly executed, and with such proof of authority or the authenticity of signature as the corporation or its transfer agent may reasonably require. Except as may be otherwise required by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws, the corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock as shown on its books as the owner of such stock for all purposes, including the payment of dividends and the right to vote with respect to such stock, regardless of any transfer, pledge or other disposition of such stock until the shares have been transferred on the books of the corporation in accordance with the requirements of these Bylaws.

4.4    Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. The corporation may issue a new certificate of stock in place of any previously issued certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon such terms and conditions as the corporation may prescribe, including the presentation of reasonable evidence of such loss, theft or destruction and the giving of such indemnity and posting of such bond as the corporation may require for the protection of the corporation or any transfer agent or registrar.

4.5    Record Date. The Board of Directors may fix in advance a date as a record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent (or dissent) to corporate action without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action. Such record date shall not precede the date on which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and such record date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting, nor more than 10 days after the date of adoption of a record date for a consent without a meeting, nor more than 60 days prior to any other action to which such record date relates. In such case only stockholders of record on such record date shall be so entitled notwithstanding any transfer of capital stock on the books of the Corporation after the record date.

If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day before the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day before the day on which the meeting is held. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is necessary, shall be the day on which the first consent is properly delivered to the corporation. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating to such purpose.

 

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A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

4.6    Regulations. The issue, transfer, conversion and registration of shares of stock of the corporation shall be governed by such other regulations as the Board of Directors may establish.

ARTICLE V

INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

5.1    Indemnification of Directors and Officers. Except for claims as to which such director or officer has expressly agreed in writing to provide indemnity or has otherwise guaranteed any obligation of the Corporation or any subsidiary of the Corporation, the Corporation shall indemnify, to the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Delaware as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment) any person (an “Indemnified Person”) who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (whether or not brought by or in the right of the Corporation) (a “Proceeding”) by reason of the fact that such person, or a person for whom such person is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, director or officer of another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability, loss suffered, expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with such Proceeding if he or her acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and, with respect to any criminal Proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Corporation shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnification in connection with a Proceeding initiated by such person only if the initiation and continued prosecution of such action, suit or proceeding was authorized by the Board of Directors.

5.2    Indemnification of Employees and Agents. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, may authorize the Corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened pending or completed Proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (whether or not brought by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that he or she is or was an employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as an employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses

 

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(including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with such Proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and, with respect to any criminal Proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and, with respect to any criminal Proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.

5.3    Indemnification Upon Successful Defense. Except for claims as to which such director, officer or employee has agreed to provide indemnity or has otherwise guaranteed any obligation of the Corporation or any subsidiary of the Corporation, notwithstanding the other provisions of this Article V, to the extent that a director, officer or employee of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in Section 5.1 or 5.2 of these Bylaws, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements) and costs actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith.

5.4    Advance Payments. Expenses incurred in defending a civil or criminal Proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding, only as authorized by the Board of Directors in the specific case (including by one or more directors who may be parties to such Proceeding), provided, however, that, to the extent required by law, such payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the Proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article V.

5.5    Non-Exclusive Nature of Indemnification. The indemnification provided herein shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any person, whether or not entitled to be indemnified hereunder, may be entitled under any statute, by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or directors or otherwise, both as to action in his or her official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. Each person who is or becomes a director as aforesaid shall be deemed to have served or to have continued to serve in such capacity in reliance upon the indemnity provided for in this Article V. The Corporation hereby acknowledges that a director may have other sources of indemnification or insurance, whether currently in force or established in the future (collectively, the “Outside Indemnitors”). The Corporation hereby agrees: (a) that it is the indemnitor of first resort (i.e., its obligations to the director are primary and any obligation of the Outside Indemnitors to advance expenses or to provide indemnification for the same expenses or liabilities incurred by the director are secondary); (b) that it shall be required to advance the full amount of expenses incurred by the director and shall be liable in full for all indemnifiable amounts to the extent legally permitted and as required hereby or any agreement between the Corporation and the director, without regard to any rights the director may have against the Outside Indemnitors; and (c) that it

 

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irrevocably waives, relinquishes and releases the Outside Indemnitors from any and all claims against the Outside Indemnitors for contribution, subrogation or any other recovery of any kind in respect thereof. The Corporation further agrees that no advancement or payment by the Outside Indemnitors on behalf of the director with respect to any claim for which the director have sought indemnification from the Corporation shall affect the foregoing and the Outside Indemnitors shall have a right of contribution and/or be subrogated to the extent of such advancement or payment to all of the rights of recovery of the director against the Corporation. If for any reason a court of competent jurisdiction determines that the Outside Indemnitors are not entitled to the subrogation rights described in the preceding sentence, the Outside Indemnitors shall have a right of contribution by the Corporation to the Outside Indemnitors with respect to any advance or payment by the Outside Indemnitors to or on behalf of an Indemnified Person. The Corporation agrees that the Outside Indemnitors are express third-party beneficiaries of the terms hereof.

5.6    Insurance. The Corporation may, to the full extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists, or may hereafter be amended from time to time, purchase and maintain at the Corporation’s expense insurance (a) on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, manager, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify him or her against such liability under the provisions of the laws of the State of Delaware (as presently in effect or hereafter amended) or these Bylaws, and (b) to indemnify the Corporation for any obligation which it incurs as a result of the indemnification of directors, officers and employees under the provisions of this Article V.

5.7    Amendment or Repeal. Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article V shall not adversely affect any right or protection hereunder of any person in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification. The rights provided hereunder shall inure to the benefit of any Indemnified Person and such person’s heirs, executors and administrators.

5.8    Subsequent Legislation. If the laws of the State of Delaware are amended after adoption of this Article V to expand further the indemnification permitted to Indemnified Persons, then the Corporation shall indemnify such persons to the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Delaware, as so amended.

5.9    Savings Clause. If this Article V or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each Indemnified Person as to any reasonable expenses (including attorneys’ fees), and any judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement in connection with any action, suit, proceeding or investigation, whether civil, criminal or administrative, including an action by or in the right of the Corporation, to the fullest extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Article V that shall not have been invalidated and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.

 

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5.10    Merger or Consolidation. If the Corporation is merged into or consolidated with another entity and the Corporation is not the surviving entity, the surviving entity shall assume the obligations of the Corporation under this Article V with respect to any action, suit, proceeding or investigation arising out of or relating to any actions, transactions or facts occurring prior to the date of such merger or consolidation.

5.11    Partial Indemnification. If an Indemnified Person is entitled under any provision of this Article V to indemnification by the Corporation for some or a portion of the expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines or amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him/her or on his/her behalf in connection with any action, suit, proceeding or investigation and any appeal therefrom but not, however, for the total amount thereof, the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify the Indemnified Person for the portion of such reasonable expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines or amounts paid in settlement to which the Indemnified Person is entitled.

ARTICLE VI

TRANSACTIONS WITH INTERESTED PERSONS

No contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its directors, officers or stockholders, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association or other organization in which one or more of its directors, officers or stockholders have a financial interest or are directors, managers, partners, stockholders, members or officers, shall be voidable solely for this reason or solely because said director, officer or stockholder was present at, or participated in, the authorization of such contract or transaction if:

(a)    the material facts as to the relationship or interest of said directors, officers or stockholders and as to the contract or transaction were disclosed or known to the other directors (if any) or the stockholders and the contract or transaction was authorized by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the disinterested directors (if any) even though the disinterested directors may be less than a quorum or the contract or transaction was authorized by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the shares of capital stock held by the disinterested stockholders (if any) even though the disinterested stockholders may be less than a quorum; or

(b)    the contract or transaction was fair to the Corporation as of the time it was authorized, approved or ratified by the Board of Directors.

No director, officer or stockholder interested in such contract or transaction, because of such interest, shall be considered to be or liable to the Corporation, any director, officer or stockholder, or any other person or organization for any loss or expense incurred by reason of such contract or transaction or shall be accountable for any gain or profit realized from such contract or transaction.

 

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ARTICLE VII

GENERAL PROVISIONS

7.1    Fiscal Year. Except as from time to time otherwise designated by the Board of Directors, the fiscal year of the corporation shall begin on the first day of January of each year and end on the last day of December in each year.

7.2    Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall be in such form as shall be approved by the Board of Directors.

7.3    Waiver of Notice. Whenever notice is required to be given by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws, a written waiver, signed by the person entitled to notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether provided before, at or after the time of the event for which notice is to be given, shall be deemed equivalent to notice required to be given to such person. Neither the business nor the purpose of any meeting need be specified in any such waiver. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

7.4    Voting of Securities. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise designate, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Treasurer may waive notice of, vote, or appoint any person or persons to vote, on behalf of the corporation at, and act as, or appoint any person or persons to act as, proxy or attorney-in-fact for this corporation (with or without power of substitution) at, any meeting of stockholders or securityholders of any other entity, the securities of which may be held by this corporation, or with respect to the execution of any written or electronic consent in the name of the corporation as a holder of such securities.

7.5    Evidence of Authority. A certificate by the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, or a temporary Secretary, as to any action taken by the stockholders, directors, a committee or any officer or representative of the corporation shall as to all persons who rely on the certificate in good faith be conclusive evidence of such action.

7.6    Certificate of Incorporation. All references in these Bylaws to the Certificate of Incorporation shall be deemed to refer to the Certificate of Incorporation of the corporation, as amended and in effect from time to time.

7.7    Severability. Any determination that any provision of these Bylaws is for any reason inapplicable, illegal or ineffective shall not affect or invalidate any other provision of these Bylaws.

7.8    Pronouns. All pronouns used in these Bylaws shall be deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine or neuter, singular or plural, as the identity of the person or persons may require.

 

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ARTICLE VIII

AMENDMENTS

8.1    By the Board of Directors. These Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed, in whole or in part, or new bylaws may be adopted by the Board of Directors.

8.2    By the Stockholders. These Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed, in whole or in part, or new bylaws may be adopted by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of the capital stock of the corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at any annual meeting of stockholders, or at any special meeting of stockholders, provided notice of such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption of new bylaws shall have been stated in the notice of such special meeting.

 

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EX-5.1

Exhibit 5.1

 

LOGO

 

September 27, 2018

 

Arvinas, Inc.

5 Science Park

395 Winchester Ave.

New Haven, CT 06511

  

+1 617 526 6000 (t)

+1 617 526 5000 (f)

wilmerhale.com

 

  Re:

Incentive Share Plan

2018 Stock Incentive Plan

2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have assisted in the preparation of a Registration Statement on Form S-8 (the “Registration Statement”) to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), relating to an aggregate of 5,656,038 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Shares”), of Arvinas, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), issuable under the Company’s Incentive Share Plan, as amended, 2018 Stock Incentive Plan and 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (collectively, the “Plans”).

We have examined the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of the Company, each as amended and restated to date, and originals, or copies certified to our satisfaction, of all pertinent records of the meetings of the directors and stockholders of the Company, the Registration Statement and such other documents relating to the Company as we have deemed material for the purposes of this opinion.

In our examination of the foregoing documents, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as certified, photostatic or other copies, the authenticity of the originals of any such documents and the legal competence of all signatories to such documents.

We assume that the appropriate action will be taken, prior to the offer and sale of the Shares in accordance with the Plans, to register and qualify the Shares for sale under all applicable state securities or “blue sky” laws.

We express no opinion herein as to the laws of any state or jurisdiction other than the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware and the federal laws of the United States of America.

It is understood that this opinion is to be used only in connection with the offer and sale of the Shares while the Registration Statement is in effect.

Please note that we are opining only as to the matters expressly set forth herein, and no opinion should be inferred as to any other matters.

Based on the foregoing, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly authorized for issuance and, when the Shares are issued and paid for in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Plans, the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Commission in connection with the Registration Statement in accordance with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act. In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission.

 

Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, 7 World Trade Center, 250 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10007

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Very truly yours,

WILMER CUTLER PICKERING

HALE AND DORR LLP

 

By:  

/s/ Brian A. Johnson

  Brian A. Johnson, a Partner
EX-23.1

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-8 of our report dated June 22, 2018 (September 14, 2018 as to the effects of the reverse unit split described in Note 15), relating to the financial statements of Arvinas Holding Company, LLC included in the Prospectus of Arvinas, Inc. filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Hartford, Connecticut

September 26, 2018